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Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

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Leo the Lion in the MGM logo used since 1924, although the version here (with Web address) has been in use since 2001.
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Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, or MGM, is a media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of cinema and television programs. On April 8, 2005 the company was acquired by a partnership led by Sony and Comcast for $US 4.8 billion. MGM now produces film and television content in conjunction with Sony Pictures, although in March 2006 it announced that it would continue distributing some theatrical films under the MGM name, separate from the Sony Pictures brand.

From the end of the Silent Film Era through World War II, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer was the preeminient motion picture studio in Hollywood, with the greatest output of all of the studios: at its height, it released one feature film a week, along with many short subjects and serials. A victim of the massive restructuring of the motion picture industry during the 1950s and 60s, it was ultimately unable to cope with the loss of its theater chain (due to the Paramount decrees), and the power shift from studio bosses to independent producers and agents.

On November 3, 2010, MGM filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.[1][2][3] MGM emerged from bankruptcy on December 20, 2010, at which time the executives of Spyglass Entertainment, Gary Barber and Roger Birnbaum, became co-Chairmen and co-CEOs of the holding company of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.[4][5][6][7]

Contents

OverviewEdit

former company headquarters highlighted by the famous Leo the Lion logo at the top]] The studio's official motto, "Ars Gratia Artis", is a Latin phrase meaning "Art for art's sake";[8][9][10] it was chosen by Howard Dietz, the studio's chief publicist.[10][11][12] The studio's logo is a roaring lion surrounded by a ring of film inscribed with the studio's motto. The logo, which features Leo the Lion, was created by Dietz in 1916 for Goldwyn Pictures and updated in 1924 for MGM's use.[10][13][14] Dietz based the logo on his alma mater's mascot—the Columbia University lion.[10][12][15] Originally silent, the sound of Leo the Lion's roar was added to films for the first time in August 1928.[9] In the 1930s and 1940s the studio billed itself as having "more stars than there are in heaven", a reference to the large number of A-list movie stars under contract to the company.[14][16] This second motto was also coined by Deitz,[17] and was probably first used in 1932.[18]

MGM was the last studio to convert to sound pictures, but in spite of this fact, from the end of the silent film era through the late 1950s, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer was the dominant motion picture studio in Hollywood.[19] Always slow to respond to changing legal, economic, and demographic nature of the motion picture industry during the 1950s and 1960s,[20][21][22] and although at times its films did well at the box office the studio lost significant amounts of money throughout the 1960s.[21][22] In 1966, MGM was sold to the Canadian investor Edgar Bronfman, Sr., whose son Edgar, Jr. would later buy Universal Studios. Three years later, an increasingly unprofitable MGM was bought by Kirk Kerkorian, who slashed staff and production costs, forced the studio to produce low-budget fare, and then shut down theatrical distribution in 1973.[22] The studio continued to produce five to six films a year that were released through other studios, mostly United Artists. Kerkorian did, however, commit to increased production and an expanded film library when he bought United Artists in 1981.

MGM ramped up internal production as well as keeping production going at UA which included the lucrative James Bond film franchise.[23] It also incurred significant amounts of debt in order to increase production.[24] The studio took on additional debt as a series of owners took charge in the 1980s and early 1990s. In 1986, Ted Turner bought MGM, but a few months later, sold the company back to Kerkorian to recoup massive debt, while keeping the library assets for himself. The series of deals left MGM even more heavily in debt.[25] MGM was bought by Pathé Communications (led by Italian publishing magnate Giancarlo Parretti) in 1990, but Parretti lost control of Pathé and defaulted on the loans used to purchase the studio.[22][25] The French banking conglomerate Crédit Lyonnais, the studio's major creditor, then took control of MGM.[22][25][26] Even more deeply in debt, MGM was purchased by a joint venture between Kerkorian, producer Frank Mancuso, and Australia's Seven Network in 1996.[27]

MGM purchased Metromedia's film subsidiaries (Orion Pictures, The Samuel Goldwyn Company, and the Motion Picture Corporation of America) for $573 million in 1997,[28] and Kerkorian bought out Seven Network the following year.[29] MGM used debt to acquire PolyGram Filmed Entertainment's 1,300-title library from Seagram in 1999 for $250 million, and obtained the broadcast rights to more than 800 of its films previously licensed to Turner Broadcasting.[30] MGM then purchased 20 percent of Cablevision Systems for $825 million in 2001.[31] MGM attempted to take over Universal Studios in 2003 but failed, and was forced to sell several of its cable channel investments (taking a $75 million loss on the deal).[32]

The debt load from these business deals negatively affected MGM's ability to survive as an independent motion picture studio. After a three-way bidding war which involved Time Warner (successor to Time, Inc. and current parent of Turner Broadcasting) and General Electric, MGM was acquired on September 23, 2004, by a partnership led by Sony Corporation of America, Comcast, Texas Pacific Group (now TPG Capital, L.P.), Providence Equity Partners, and other investors.[33]

MGM Resorts International, a Las Vegas-based hotel and casino company listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "MGM", is not currently affiliated with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

1957 also marked the end of the cartoon era at MGM, as the animation unit was closed to cut costs. Instead, MGM decided to rerelease older cartoons (they had proved popular when released alongside new shorts). Hanna and Barbera moved to television with the formation of Hanna-Barbera Productions. In 1961, MGM resumed releasing new Tom and Jerry shorts, and production moved to Rembrandt Films in Czechoslovakia, under the supervision of Gene Deitch. Deitch's Tom and Jerry cartoons are noteworthy as being very distant from the original Hanna and Barbera style of animation. In 1963, the production of Tom and Jerry returned to Hollywood under Chuck Jones and his "Sib Tower-12 Productions". Jones' group also produced their own works, winning an Oscar for The Dot and the Line, as well as producing the classic television version of How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (with Theodore Geisel). Jones' association with MGM ended in 1967.

MGM fell into a habit in this period which would eventually sink the studio: an entire year's production schedule was reliant on the success of one big-budget epic each year. This policy began well, in 1959, when an expensive remake of Ben-Hur was profitable enough to carry the studio through 1960. But later attempts at big-budget epics failed, among them Cimarron (1961), Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (1961), and most notoriously, the 1962 remake of Mutiny on the Bounty.

As MGM sank (along with the other main-line studios), a series of studio heads came and went, along with a succession of corporate managers, all hoping to bring back the studio's glory days.

HistoryEdit

FoundingEdit

In 1924, movie theater magnate Marcus Loew had a problem. He had bought Metro Pictures Corporation (founded in 1916) and Goldwyn Pictures (founded in 1917) to provide a steady supply of films for his large Loew's Theatres chain. However, these purchases created a need for someone to oversee his new Hollywood operations, since longtime assistant Nicholas Schenck was needed in New York headquarters to oversee the 150 theaters. Loew addressed the situation by buying Louis B. Mayer Pictures on April 17, 1924. Because of his decade-long success as a producer, Mayer was made a vice-president of Loew's and head of studio operations in California, with Harry Rapf and Irving Thalberg as heads of production. For decades MGM was listed on movie title cards as "Controlled by Loew's, Inc."

Originally, the new studio's films were presented in the following manner: "Louis B. Mayer presents a Metro-Goldwyn picture", but Mayer soon added his name to the studio with Loew's blessing. Though Loew's Metro was the dominant partner, the new studio inherited Goldwyn's studios in Culver City, California, the former Goldwyn mascot Leo the Lion (which replaced Metro's parrot symbol), and the Goldwyn corporate motto Ars Gratia Artis ("Art for art's sake"). Mayer wanted to replace the Latin motto with "Art is Beholding to the Artist" in English, but was overruled by Schenck.

Also inherited from Goldwyn was a runaway production, Ben–Hur (the silent version), which had been filming in Rome for months at great cost. Mayer scrapped most of what had been shot and relocated production to Culver City. Though Ben–Hur was the most costly film made up to its time, it became MGM's first great public-relations triumph, establishing an image for the company that persisted for years. Also in 1925, with successes from both The Big Parade and Ben–Hur, MGM surpassed Universal Studios as the largest studio in Hollywood, a distinction it would maintain for over 30 years.

Marcus Loew died in 1927, and control of Loew's passed to Nicholas Schenck. In 1929, William Fox of Fox Film Corporation bought the Loew family's holdings with Schenck's assent. Mayer and Thalberg disagreed with the decision. Mayer used political connectionsTemplate:Clarify to persuade the Justice Department to delay final approval of the deal on antitrust grounds. During this time, in the summer of 1929, Fox was badly hurt in an automobile accident. By the time he recovered, the stock market crash in the fall of 1929 had nearly wiped Fox out and ended any chance of the Loew's merger going through. Schenck and Mayer had never gotten along (Mayer reportedly referred to his boss as "Mr. Skunk"),[34] and the abortive Fox merger increased the animosity between the two men. Also, in 1933 Loew's Incorporated was in the process of acquiring bankrupt Paramount Pictures and its 1700 theatres, until profits from Mae West's risque features rescued the failing Paramount.

MGM's golden ageEdit

File:Gable, Clark 01.jpg
Clark Gable

From the outset, MGM tapped into the audience's need for glamour and sophistication. Having inherited few big names from their predecessor companies, Mayer and Thalberg began at once to create and publicize a host of new stars, among them Greta Garbo, John Gilbert, William Haines, Joan Crawford, and Norma Shearer (who followed Thalberg from Universal) . Established names like Lon Chaney, William Powell, Buster Keaton, and Wallace Beery were hired from other studios. They also hired top directors such as King Vidor, Clarence Brown, Erich von Stroheim, Tod Browning, and Victor Seastrom. The arrival of talking pictures in 1928–29 gave opportunities to other new stars, many of whom would carry MGM through the 1930s: Clark Gable, Jean Harlow, Robert Montgomery, Spencer Tracy, Myrna Loy, Jeanette MacDonald, and Nelson Eddy among them.

MGM was one of the first studios to experiment with filming in Technicolor. Using the two-color Technicolor process then available, MGM filmed portions of The Uninvited Guest (1923), The Big Parade (1925), and Ben–Hur (1925), among others, in the process. In 1928, MGM released The Viking, the first complete Technicolor feature with sound (including a synchronized score and sound effects but no spoken dialogue). MGM, however, was the very last studio to convert to "talkies" with its first all-color, "all-talking" sound feature with dialogue The Rogue Song, a 1930 musical. In 1934 MGM included a sequence made in Technicolor's superior new three-color process, a musical number in the otherwise black-and-white The Cat and the Fiddle, starring perky Jeanette MacDonald and faded Ramon Novarro. The studio then produced a number of three-color short subjects including 1935's musical La Fiesta de Santa Barbara, however MGM waited until 1938 to film a complete feature in the process, Sweethearts with MacDonald and Nelson Eddy, the earlier of the popular singing team's two films in color.

File:DresslerBeeryJordanMinBill1930Trailer.jpg
Marie Dressler and Wallace Beery in Min and Bill (1930)

From then on, MGM regularly produced several films a year in Technicolor, The Wizard of Oz and Northwest Passage being two of the most notable. MGM also released the enormously successful Technicolor film Gone with the Wind, starring Vivien Leigh as Scarlett O'Hara and Clark Gable as Rhett Butler. (Although Gone With the Wind was produced by Selznick International Pictures, it was released by MGM as part of a deal for producer David O. Selznick (L.B. Mayer's son-in-law) to obtain the services of Clark Gable. MGM did eventually acquire all rights to Gone With the Wind.

In addition to a large short subjects program of its own, MGM also released the shorts and features produced by Hal Roach Studios, including comedy shorts starring Laurel and Hardy, Our Gang, and Charley Chase. MGM's distribution deal with Roach lasted from 1927 to 1938, and MGM benefited in particular from the success of the popular Laurel and Hardy films. In 1938, MGM purchased the rights to Our Gang and moved the production in-house,[35] continuing production of the successful series of children's comedies until 1944. From 1929 to 1931, MGM produced a series of comedy shorts called All Barkie Dogville Comedies, in which trained dogs were dressed up to parody contemporary films and were voiced by actors. One of the shorts, The Dogway Melody (1930), spoofed MGM's hit 1929 musical The Broadway Melody.[36]

MGM produced fifty pictures a year, though it never met its goal of releasing a new motion picture each and every week (It was only able to release one feature film every nine days). Loew's chain of 153 theatres were mostly located in New York, the Northeast, and Deep South; Gone With the Wind had its world premiere at Loew's Grand Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia. A fine reputation was gained for lavish product that were sophisticated and polished to cater to an urban audience. Still, as the Great Depression deepened, MGM began to economize by "recycling" existing sets, costumes, and furnishings from yesteryear projects. This recycling practice never let up once started. Also, money was saved by MGM being the only one of the big five studios that did not own an off site movie ranch. Up until the mid-1950s MGM could make a claim its rivals could not: it never lost money, although it did have an occasional disaster like Parnell (1937), Clark Gable's biggest flop. It was the only Hollywood studio that continued to pay dividends during the 1930s.

File:Spencer tracy fury.jpg
Spencer Tracy in Fury (1936)

MGM stars dominated the box office during the 1930s, and the studio was credited for inventing the Hollywood stable of stars system as well. MGM contracted with The American Musical Academy of Arts Association to handle all of their press and artist development. The AMAAA's main function was to develop the budding stars and to make them appealing to the public. Stars like Norma Shearer, Joan Crawford, Greta Garbo, and Jeanette MacDonald all four reigned as not only the top paid figures at the studio, but in Hollywood itself.Template:Clarify Another MGM sex symbol actress, Jean Harlow, who had previously appeared in the Howard Hughes film Hell's Angels, now had a big break and became one of MGM's most admired stars as well;.[37] Despite Miss Harlow's gain, Garbo still was a big star for MGM. Shearer was still a money maker despite screen appearances becoming scarce, and Crawford continued her box office power up until 1937. MGM would also receive a boost through the man who would become "King of Hollywood", Clark Gable;[37] Gable's career took off to new heights after he won an Oscar for the 1934 Columbia film It Happened One Night.[38]

Mayer and Irving Thalberg's relationship began warmly but eventually the two became estranged; Thalberg preferred literary works to the crowd-pleasers Mayer wanted. Thalberg, always physically frail, was removed as head of production in 1932. Mayer encouraged other staff producers, among them his son-in-law David O. Selznick, but no one seemed to have the sure touch of Thalberg. As Thalberg fell increasingly ill in 1936, Louis Mayer could now serve as his temporary replacement. Rumors flew that Thalberg was leaving to set up his own independent company; his early death in 1936, at age thirty-seven, cost MGM dearly.

After the death of ThalbergEdit

As a result of Thalberg's death, Mayer became head of production as well as studio chief, becoming the first million-dollar executive in American history. The company remained profitable, although a change toward "series" pictures (Andy Hardy starring Mickey Rooney, Maisie starring Ann Sothern, Thin Man starring William Powell & Myrna Loy et al.) is seen by some as evidence of Mayer's restored influence. Also playing a huge role was Ida Koverman, Mayer's "right hand woman".

Within one short year, beginning in 1942, L.B. Mayer released his four highest-paid actresses from their studio contracts; Joan Crawford, Norma Shearer. Greta Garbo and Jeanette MacDonald. After a two-year hiatus Crawford moved to Warner Bros. where her career took a dramatic upturn for the better: Shearer and Garbo never made another film after leaving the lot. Of the four stars MacDonald was the only one whom Mayer rehired, in 1948.

Increasingly, before and during World War II, Mayer came to rely on his "College of Cardinals"—senior producers who controlled the studio's output. This management-by-committee may explain why MGM seemed to lose its momentum, developing few new stars and relying on the safety of sequels and bland material. (Dorothy Parker memorably referred to it as "Metro-Goldwyn-Merde."[39]) Production values remained high, and even "B" pictures carried a polish and gloss that made them expensive to mount. After 1940, production was cut from fifty pictures a year to a more manageable twenty-five features per year. It was during this time that MGM released very successful musicals with players such as Judy Garland, Fred Astaire, Gene Kelly, and Frank Sinatra, to name just a few.

As audiences drifted away after the war, MGM found it difficult to attract them. While other studios backed away from the popular musicals of the war years, MGM increased its output to as many as five or six each year, roughly one-quarter of its annual output. Ann Miller once admitted that "Mayer kept making musicals that nobody wanted to see." A good example of this would be The Pirate (1948). Such pictures were expensive to produce, requiring a full staff of songwriters, arrangers, musicians, dancers, and technical support, and releasing so many each year affected the company's finances. By the late forties, as MGM's profit margins decreased, word came from Schenck in New York: find "a new Thalberg" who could improve quality while paring costs. Mayer thought he had found this savior in Dore Schary, a writer and producer who had found success at running RKO.

Dore ScharyEdit

Mayer's taste for wholesomeness and "beautiful" movies conflicted with Schary's preference for gritty message pictures. In August 1951, after a period of friendly antagonism with Schary, Mayer was fired. One report states that Mayer called Joseph Schenck at Loew's Corporate Headquarters in Loew's State Theater, New York, with an ultimatum— "It's either him or me!" Schenck chose Schary! Within a year Mayer tried to stage a boardroom coup to oust his old nemesis, but failed due to lack of support from former "yes men".

Perhaps because of Mayer's leaving (although this has never been confirmed), the credit Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer presents does not appear on any MGM film made between 1950 and 1957, the year of Louis B. Mayer's death. In films made during those years, the credits segue straight from the roaring lion logo to the title of the film (as in MGM's 1951 film of Show Boat[40] or, in the case of above-the-title billing, the names of the stars and then the film's title. Beginning in 1957, the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer presents credit was reinstated.(citation needed)

Gradually cutting loose expensive contract players (perhaps most famously, $6,000-a-week Judy Garland in 1950), saving money by recycling existing movie sets instead of building costly new scenery, and reworking pricey old costumes, Schary managed to keep the studio running much as it had through the early 1940s though his sensibilities for hard-edged, message movies would never bear much fruit. One bright spot were MGM musicals pictures, under the aegis of producer Arthur Freed, who was operating what amounted to an independent unit within the studio. MGM produced some well-regarded and profitable Technicolor musicals that would be later acknowledged as classics, among them An American in Paris (1951), Singin' in the Rain (1952), and Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954). On the other hand Brigadoon (1954), Deep in My Heart (1954), It's Always Fair Weather (1955), and Invitation to the Dance (1956), were extravagant song & dance flops, and even the now-classic The Band Wagon (1953) was only a modest box-office success. Movie audiences more and more were staying home and watching television.

In 1954, as a settlement of the government's restraint-of-trade action, United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc. 334 US 131 (1948), Loews, Inc. gave up control of MGM. It would take another five years before the interlocking arrangements were completely undone, by which time both Loews and MGM were sinking. Schary bowed out of MGM in 1956.

MGM cartoon shortsEdit

Main article: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio

In animation, MGM purchased the rights in 1930 to distribute a series of cartoons that starred a character named Flip the Frog, produced by Ub Iwerks. The first cartoon in this series (entitled Fiddlesticks) was the first sound cartoon to be produced in two-color Technicolor. In 1933, Ub Iwerks cancelled the unsuccessful Flip the Frog series and MGM began to distribute its second series of cartoons, starring a character named Willie Whopper, that was also produced by Ub Iwerks. In 1934, after Iwerks' distribution contract expired, contracted with animation producers/directors Hugh Harman and Rudolph Ising to produce a new series of color cartoons. Harman and Ising came to MGM after breaking ties with Leon Schlesinger and Warner Bros., and brought with them their popular Looney Tunes character, Bosko. These were known as Happy Harmonies and in many ways resembled the Looney Tunes' sister series, Merrie Melodies. The Happy Harmonies regularly ran over budget, and MGM dismissed Harman-Ising in 1937 to start its own animation studio.

After initial struggles with a poorly received series of Captain and the Kids cartoons, the studio re-hired Harman and Ising in 1939, and Ising created the studio's first successful animated character, Barney Bear. However, MGM's biggest cartoon stars would come in the form of the cat-and-mouse duo Tom and Jerry, created by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera in 1940. The Tom and Jerry cartoons won seven Academy Awards between 1943 and 1953. In 1941, Tex Avery, another Schlesinger alumnus, joined the animation department. It was Avery who gave the unit its image, with successes like Red Hot Riding Hood, Swing Shift Cinderella, and the Droopy series.

Avery left the studio in 1953, leaving Hanna and Barbera to focus on the popular Tom and Jerry and Droopy series. After 1955, all cartoons were filmed in CinemaScope until MGM closed its cartoon division in 1957.

DeclineEdit

Template:Multiple issues

Vogel-SiegelEdit

As the studio system faded in the late 1950s and 1960s, MGM's prestige faded with it. In 1957 (by coincidence, the year L.B. Mayer died) the studio lost money for the first time in its 34-year history. Cost overruns and the failure of the 1957 big-budget epic Raintree County prompted the studio to release Schary from his contract. Schary's reign at MGM had been marked with few bona-fide hits, but his departure (along with the retirement of Schenck in 1955) left a power vacuum that would prove difficult to fill. Initially Joseph Vogel became president and Sol Siegel head of production. By 1960, MGM had released all of its contract players, with many either retiring or moving on to television.

At the urging of Leonard Goldenson, longtime head of Paramount's theater chain who now ran ABC, MGM began to enter television production. MGM's first attempts at programming were cross-promotion of feature films (The MGM Parade), and based on successful film properties like The Thin Man. Several years later, MGM produced highly successful TV series, like The Man from U.N.C.L.E. and the sitcom version of The Courtship of Eddie's Father.

The year 1957 also marked the end of MGM's animation department, as the studio determined it could generate the same amount of revenue by reissuing older cartoons as it could by producing and releasing new ones.[41] William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, by then the heads of the MGM cartoon studio, took most of their unit and made their own company, Hanna-Barbera Productions, a successful producer of television animation.

In 1956, MGM sold the television rights for The Wizard of Oz to CBS, which scheduled it to be shown in November of that year. In a landmark event, the film became the first American theatrical fiction film to be shown complete in one evening on prime time television over a major American commercial network. (Olivier's version of Hamlet was shown on prime time network TV a month later, but split in half over two weeks, and the 1950 film, The Titan: Story of Michelangelo was telecast by ABC in 1952, but that was a documentary.) Beginning in 1959, and lasting until 1991, telecasts of The Wizard of Oz became an annual tradition, drawing huge audiences in homes all over the U.S. and earning additional profits for MGM. The studio was all too happy to see Oz become, through television, one of the two or three most famous films MGM has ever made, and one of the few films that nearly everybody in the U.S. has seen at least once. Today The Wizard of Oz is regularly shown on the Turner-owned channels, no longer just once a year.

In 1958, MGM released what is generally considered their last great musical, Arthur Freed's Cinemascope color production of Gigi, starring Leslie Caron, Maurice Chevalier, and Louis Jourdan. It was adapted from the novel by Colette, and written by the team of Lerner and Loewe, who also wrote My Fair Lady and Camelot. Gigi was a box-office and critical success which won nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture. From it came several hit songs, including Thank Heaven For Little Girls, I Remember It Well, the Waltz at Maxim's, and the Oscar-winning title song. The film was the last MGM musical to win a Best Picture Oscar, an honor that had previously gone to The Broadway Melody (1929), The Great Ziegfeld (1936), and An American in Paris (1951). The very last musical film produced by the "Freed Unit" was an adaptation of the Broadway musical Bells Are Ringing (1960) with Judy Holliday and Dean Martin. However, MGM did release later musical films, including an adaptation of Meredith Willson's The Unsinkable Molly Brown (1964) with Debbie Reynolds and Harve Presnell.

In 1959, MGM enjoyed what is quite likely their greatest financial success of later years, with the release of its nearly four-hour Technicolor epic Ben–Hur, a remake of their 1925 silent film hit, based on the novel by General Lew Wallace. Starring Charlton Heston in the title role, the film was critically acclaimed, and won 11 Academy Awards, including Best Picture, a record that held until Titanic matched it in 1997 and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King in 2003.

In 1961, MGM resumed the release of new Tom and Jerry shorts, and production moved to Rembrandt Films in Prague, Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic) under the supervision of Gene Deitch. Deitch's Tom and Jerry cartoons are very different in style from the original Hanna and Barbera style of animation. In 1963, the production of Tom and Jerry returned to Hollywood under Chuck Jones and his Sib Tower 12 Productions studio (later absorbed by MGM and renamed MGM Animation/Visual Arts). Jones' group also produced its own works, winning an Oscar for The Dot and the Line, as well as producing the classic television version of Dr. Seuss's How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (with the voice of Boris Karloff) in 1966. Tom and Jerry folded in 1967, and the animation department continued with television specials and one feature film, The Phantom Tollbooth.

MGM fell into a habit in this period that would eventually sink the studio: an entire year's production schedule relied on the success of one big-budget epic each year. This policy began in 1959, when Ben–Hur was profitable enough to carry the studio through 1960. However, later attempts at big-budget epics failed, among them four films which, in addition to Ben–Hur, were also remakes — Cimarron (1960), King of Kings (1961), Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (1961), and most notoriously, the 1962 Mutiny on the Bounty. The 1962 Cinerama film The Wonderful World of the Brothers Grimm, the first film in Cinerama to actually tell a story, was also a flop. But one other epic that was a success, however, was the MGM-Cinerama co-production How the West Was Won, with a huge all-star cast. King of Kings, while a commercial and critical flop at the time, has since come to be regarded as a film classic. The losses caused by these films led to the resignations of Sol Siegel and Joseph Vogel who were replaced by Robert M. Weitman (head of production) and Robert O'Brien (president).

O'Brien-WeitmanEdit

The combination of O'Brien and Weitman seemed to temporarily revive the studio. In 1965 MGM released David Lean's immensely popular Doctor Zhivago,[42] later followed by such hits as The Dirty Dozen (1967) and 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968). However the company's time was taken up fighting off proxy attacks by corporate raiders, and then MGM backed a series of flops, including Ryan's Daughter (1970). Weitman moved over to Columbia in 1967 and O'Brien was forced to resign a few years later.

Kerkorian takes over and MGM downsizedEdit

Edgar Bronfman, Sr. purchased a controlling interest in MGM in 1966 (and was briefly chairman of the board in 1969),[43] and in 1967 Time Inc. became the company's second-largest shareholder.[44] In 1969, Kirk Kerkorian purchased 40 percent of MGM from Bronfman and Time, Inc.,[45] What appealed to Kerkorian was MGM's Culver City real estate, and the value of 45 years' worth of glamour associated with the name, which he attached to a Las Vegas hotel and casino. As for film-making, that part of the company was quickly and severely downsized under the supervision of James T. Aubrey, Jr. With changes in its business model including fewer pictures per year, more location shooting and more distribution of independent productions, MGM's operations were rationalized. Aubrey sold off MGM's accumulation of props, furnishings and historical memorabilia, including a pair of Dorothy's ruby slippers from The Wizard of Oz. Lot 3, Template:Convert of back-lot property, was sold off for real-estate development.

Through the 1970s studio output slowed considerably—Aubrey preferred four or five medium-budget pictures each year, along with a smattering of low-budget fare. With the decline in output, Kerkorian closed MGM's sales and distribution offices in 1973 and outsourced those functions to United Artists. Kerkorian now distanced himself from the operations of the studio, focusing on his casino properties. Another portion of the back lot was sold in 1974. The last shooting done on the backlot was the introductory material for That's Entertainment! a retrospective documentary that became a surprise hit for the studio. The MGM Recording Studios were sold in 1975. In 1979, Kerkorian declared that MGM was now primarily a hotel company. The company hit a symbolic low point in 1980 when David Begelman, earlier let go by Columbia following the discovery of his acts of forgery and embezzlement, was installed as MGM's President and CEO.

MGM/UA, Turner, and ParrettiEdit

File:MGM Studio Takeover.jpg
The MGM sign being dismantled once Lorimar took control of the studio lot

In 1980, MGM split its production and casino units into separate companies: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Film Co. and MGM Grand Hotels, Inc.[46] The rise of ancillary markets was enough to allow MGM Film Co. to increase production to 10-15 films a year compared to three to six in the previous decade, but first it needed its own distribution unit. MGM proceeded to get back into theatrical distribution in 1981 with its purchase of United Artists, as UA's parent company Transamerica Corporation decided to let go of the studio following the failure of Heaven's Gate.[22][25] As a result, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Film Co. was renamed "MGM/UA Entertainment Company." Unfortunately, the new films were box-office flops and not even its greatest asset - its library - was enough to keep the studio afloat.[46] After 1982, the studio relied more on distribution, picking up independent productions, rather than financing their own.[46]

On August 7, 1985, Ted Turner's Turner Broadcasting System offered to buy MGM/UA. As film licensing to television became more complicated, Turner saw the value of acquiring MGM's film library for his superstation WTBS.[46] On March 25 of the following year, the deal was finalized in a cash-stock deal for $1.5 billion,[46][25][47] and was renamed "MGM Entertainment Co.".[48][49] Turner immediately sold MGM's United Artists subsidiary back to Kerkorian.[25][47] But unable to find financing for the rest of the deal, and concerns in the financial community over the debt-load of his companies, on October 17, 1986, he was forced to sell MGM back to Kerkorian for approximately $780 million USD ($480 million for United Artists and $300 million for the MGM logo).[25][47][50] The MGM lot and lab facilities were sold to Lorimar-Telepictures.[50] Turner kept the pre-1986 library of MGM films, along with pre-1950 Warner Bros. and RKO Pictures films which MGM had previously purchased.[50]

How much of MGM's back catalog Turner actually obtained was a point of conflict for a time; eventually it was determined that Turner owned all of the pre-May 1986 MGM library, as well as the pre-1950 Warner Bros. catalog,[51][52] the Popeye cartoons released by Paramount (both the pre-1950 WB library and Popeye cartoons were sold to Associated Artists Productions, which was later bought by United Artists), the US/Canadian rights to the RKO library, and a good share of United Artists's own back list, in addition to MGM's television series and Gilligan's Island, produced by UA.

Turner began broadcasting MGM films through his Turner Network Television, and caused a controversy when he began "colorizing" many black and white classics. After Kerkorian reclaimed MGM, the MGM/UA name continued to be utilized, but it changed its name to MGM/UA Communications Co., now using MGM and UA as separate brands.[53]

In July 1988, Kerkorian announced plans to split MGM and UA into separate studios. Under this deal, Kerkorian, which owned 82% of MGM/UA Communications, would have sold 25% of MGM to Barris Industries (controlled by producers Burt Sugarman, Jon Peters, and Peter Guber).[54] The proposition to spin-off MGM was called off a few weeks later.[55] In 1989, Australian-based Qintex attempted to buy MGM from Kerkorian, but the deal collapsed.[56]

In 1990, the Italian financier, Giancarlo Parretti, announced that he was about to buy MGM/UA. Although the French government had scuttled Parretti's bid to buy Pathé due to concerns about his character, background and past dealings, Parretti got backing from Crédit Lyonnais and bought MGM/UA from Kirk Kerkorian. He then merged it with his Pathé Communications Group (formerly Cannon Group, a distributor that Parretti had renamed before his aborted bid for Pathé) to form MGM–Pathe Communications Co. The well-respected executive, Alan Ladd, Jr., a former President of MGM/UA, was brought on board as CEO of MGM in 1991. However the same year Parretti's ownership dissolved in a flurry of lawsuits and a default by Crédit Lyonnais, and Parretti faced securities fraud charges in the United States and Europe. On the verge of bankruptcy and failure, Crédit Lyonnais took full control of MGM–Pathé and converted its name back to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The bank fired Ladd and replaced him with former Paramount executive Frank Mancuso, Sr. and former Warner Bros. executive John Calley (as United Artists head). As part of his exit package Ladd took some of the top properties, including Braveheart.

In 1991, Thelma and Louise became a critical and commercial hit for MGM, something that was increasingly rare at the time.

Because of the way they had acquired control of the company, Crédit Lyonnais soon put the studio up for sale, with the highest bidder being Kirk Kerkorian. Now the owner of MGM for the third time, Kerkorian's deal with Mancuso quickly angered John Calley, who quit United Artists and was named head of Sony Pictures Entertainment. By selling a portion of the studio to Australia's Seven Network, Kerkorian was able to convince Wall Street that a revived MGM was worthy of a place on the stock market, where it languished until he sold the company to a group of hedge funds tied to Sony, which wanted to control the studio library to promote the Blu-ray Disc format.

1997–2001: MGM restructuresEdit

On April 11, 1997, MGM bought Metromedia's film subsidiaries (Orion Pictures, The Samuel Goldwyn Company, and the Motion Picture Corporation of America) for US$573 million, substantially enlarging its library of films and television series and acquiring additional production capacity.[28] The deal closed in July of that year.[57] This catalog, along with the James Bond franchise, was considered to be MGM's primary asset.[58] In the same year, MGM's long-running cable television series, Stargate SG-1, first aired.[59]

In 2000, MGM changed the way it distributed its products internationally. MGM had until that time distributed its films internationally through United International Pictures (UIP), a joint venture of MGM, Universal Pictures, DreamWorks Pictures and Paramount Pictures. UIP was accused by the European Union of being an illegal cartel,[60] and effective November 2000 MGM severed its ties with UIP and distributed films internationally through 20th Century Fox.[61]

Consortium ownership and financial troublesEdit

Many of MGM's competitors started to make bids to purchase the studio, beginning with Time Warner. It was not unexpected that Time Warner would bid, since the largest shareholder in the company was Ted Turner. His Turner Entertainment Group had risen to success in part through its ownership of the pre-May 1986 MGM library. After a short period of negotiation with MGM, Time Warner was unsuccessful. The leading bidder proved to be Sony Corporation of America, backed by Comcast and private equity firms Texas Pacific Group (now TPG Capital, L.P.), DLJ and Providence Equity Partners. Sony's primary goal was to ensure Blu-ray Disc support at MGM; cost synergies with Sony Pictures Entertainment were secondary. Time Warner made a counter-bid (which Ted Turner reportedly tried to block), but on September 13, 2004, Sony increased its bid of US$11.25/share (roughly $4.7 billion) to $12/share ($5 billion), and Time Warner subsequently withdrew its bid of $11/share ($4.5 billion). MGM and Sony agreed on a purchase price of nearly $5 billion, of which about $2 billion was to pay off MGM debt.[62][63] From 2005–2006, the Columbia TriStar Motion Picture Group has domestically distributed films by MGM and UA.

MGM announced that it would return as a theatrical distribution company. MGM negotiated and struck deals with The Weinstein Company, Lakeshore Entertainment, Bauer Martinez, and many other independent studios, and then announced its plans to release 14 feature films for 2006 and early 2007. MGM also hoped to increase the amount to over 20 by 2007. Lucky Number Slevin, released April 7, was the first film released under the new MGM era. Other recent films under the MGM/Weinstein deal include Clerks II and Bobby. Upon the MGM/Weinstein films' release on home video, however, full distribution rights revert to Weinstein (under Genius Products).

On May 31, 2006 MGM announced that it would transfer its home video output from Sony Pictures Home Entertainment to 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment (excepting co-productions with Columbia or TriStar, such as Eon Productions' James Bond franchise where Sony is a majority partner).[64][65]

MGM also announced plans to restructure its worldwide television distribution operation.[66] In addition MGM signed a deal with New Line Television in which MGM would handle New Line's U.S. film and series television syndication packages. MGM served as New Line's barter sales rep in the television arena until 2008.[67]

On November 2, 2006, producer/actor Tom Cruise and his production partner, Paula Wagner, signed an agreement with MGM to run United Artists. Wagner will serve as United Artists' chief executive. Cruise will produce and star in films for UA and MGM will distribute the movies.

Over the next several years, MGM launched a number of initiatives in distribution and the use of new technology and media as well as joint ventures to promote and sell its products. In April 2007, it was announced that MGM movies would be able to be downloaded through Apple's iTunes service, with MGM bringing an estimated 100 of its existing movies to iTunes service, the California-based computer company revealed. The list of movies included the likes of modern features such as Rocky, Ronin, Mad Max and Dances with Wolves, along with more golden-era classics such as Lilies of the Field and The Great Train Robbery.[68] In October, the company launched MGM HD on DirecTV, offering a library of movies formatted in Hi Def. Also in 2007, MGM sold its distribution rights for countries outside of the United States to 20th Century Fox. MGM teamed up with Weigel Broadcasting to launch a new channel titled This TV on November 1, 2008.[69][70] On August 12, 2008, MGM teamed up with Comcast to launch a new video-on-demand network titled Impact.[71] On November 10, 2008, MGM announced that it will release full-length films on YouTube.[72]

As of mid-2009, MGM had US$3.7 billion in debt, and interest payments alone totalled $250 million a year.[73][74][75] MGM earns approximately $500 million a year on income from its extensive film and television library, but the economic recession is reported to have reduced this income substantially.[76][77]

Whether MGM could avoid voluntary or involuntary bankrupty had been a topic of much discussion in the film industry. MGM had to repay a US$250 million line of credit in April 2010, a US$1 billion loan in June 2011, and its remaining US$2.7 billion in loans in 2012.[76] In May 2009, MGM's auditor gave the company a clean bill of health, concluding it was still on track to meet its debt obligations.[74] At that time, the company was negotiating with its creditors to either extend the debt repayment deadlines or engage in a debt-for-equity swap.[74] Industry observers, however, questioned whether MGM could avoid a Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing under any circumstances, and concluded that any failure to conclude the negotiations must trigger a filing.[78] MGM and its United Artists subsidiary now produce very few films each year, and it was widely believed that MGM's solvency will depend on the box office performance of these films (especially its upcoming 23rd James Bond film).[76][79] There was some indication that Relativity Media and its financial backer, Elliott Associates (a hedge fund based in New York), had been acquiring MGM debt in an attempt to force the company into involuntary bankruptcy.[73][80][81]

On August 17, 2009, chief executive officer Harry E. Sloan stepped down and MGM hired Stephen F. Cooper as its new CEO,[1][82][83] a corporate executive who guided Enron through its post-2001 bankruptcy and oversaw the restructuring and growth of Krispy Kreme in 2005.[76][84] Expectations were that Cooper was hired to act quickly on MGM's debt problems.[76][84] On October 1, 2009, the studio's new leadership negotiated a forbearance agreement with its creditors under which interest payments due from September to November 2009 did not have to be paid until December 15, 2009.[85]

Attempted sale and bankruptcy protectionEdit

Template:Multiple issues After being installed in August 2009 as MGM's new CEO, Stephen Cooper tried to convince MGM's lenders that they should restructure the company's long-term debt in order to allow the studio to continue with its current business model.[86] The lenders refused to do so and argued that a sale was the only way to recoup their investment.[86] Cooper agreed to conduct an auction to gauge the level of interest by potential buyers and the value of the assets for sale.[86]

On November 12, 2009, MGM announced it was "beginning a process to explore various strategic alternatives including operating as a standalone entity, forming strategic partnerships and evaluating a potential sale of the company."[87][88] Alternatives the company was exploring included the sale of the company or merger with another media firm,[89] or an asset auction, which could have included the sale of its 4,000-title film and television library, the company logo, rights to the James Bond franchise, and half-ownership in the three Hobbit films (part one now due for release December 14, 2012, part two December 13, 2013 and part three July 18, 2014).[87] The studio also held out the possibility of gaining a large influx of cash from new investors, although industry analysts believed that alternative was unlikely to happen.[89] Some industry analysts said sale of the studio could net $1.5 billion to $3 billion.[89] Others pegged the value at between $2 billion to $2.5 billion.[90] Potential buyers include Time Warner (which already owns the pre-May 1986 MGM library, has enough cash reserves, and is co-producing the Hobbit films with MGM), Qualia Capital (a private equity fund led by Hollywood producer Amir Malin), 20th Century Fox (MGM's home entertainment distributor), and Lionsgate.[89][90]

MGM also announced that its creditors agreed to a forbearance on the company's debt payments originally until January 31, 2010,[87][88][89][90] but the forbearance was extended to March 31, 2010.[91]

As of early December 2009, 16 companies had expressed interest in purchasing all or parts of MGM, although only two had actually negotiated a confidentiality agreement that would allow them to examine MGM's financial statements.[86] The Hollywood Reporter said Warner Bros., 20th Century Fox, and Lionsgate were the leading suitors for the company.[86] Industry observers worried, however, that buyers might only bid on a few of MGM's assets such as the James Bond film franchise or The Hobbit film which would draw bids of less than $1 billion.[86] At least one industry trade publication said creditors would accept offers amounting to $2 billion for parts or all of the studio.[86] Even a bid or bids totalling $1.8 billion might be accepted, industry observers said, if the buyer agreed to "schmuck insurance" (the right to convert debt to equity, under certain conditions and time-frames).[86] On December 18, press reports said that News Corporation's 20th Century Fox film studio had been interested in purchasing MGM, but that News Corp. could not agree to the "restrictive" terms of MGM's nondisclosure agreement,[92] which (in part) do not permit potential buyers to speak with MGM's creditors.[93] The strict terms of the nondisclosure agreement also led two other potential buyers to refuse to participate, and several others were negotiating over the terms and unable to participate in the process.[94] The due diligence process was "going slowly" one trade publication reported, with only four of the potential 20 companies participating as of December 18.[93][94]

MGM originally set Friday, January 15, as the deadline to receive bids from the companies interested in acquiring the studio.[95][96][97] However, fewer bids than expected were made.[98] Reliance Entertainment, which has a joint venture with DreamWorks, joined the bidding on the deadline date.[99] News Corp. reportedly signed a nondisclosure agreement on or about January 15, and was considering a bid.[99] On January 17, the New York Times reported that bids had been received from Time Warner, Lionsgate, and a few smaller companies but that most of the offers were below the $2 billion minimum.[100] Some of the bids may have been below $1 billion, and nearly all the bids would require MGM to file for bankruptcy first and shed its debt obligations.[100] But the Financial Times said sources believed most bids were within the $1.5 to $2 billion range.[99] Barclays Capital, a British investment bank, was quoted as saying, "We find it unlikely that MGM's creditors would cleanly agree to a sale price materially below $2bn."[99] Time Warner, one media source reported, is seen by industry observers as the leading bidder since it already owns much of the MGM library and has large cash reserves.[99] Qualia Capital, previously thought to be a potential bidder, has suggested that MGM's creditors could avoid forcing the studio into bankruptcy by agreeing to transform $500 million of debt into company stock (which would provide MGM with a cash infusion as well as eliminate a substantial portion of debt).[100] By January 23, bids from Relativity Media (about $1.6 billion) and Reliance Entertainment (about $1.8 billion) were received as well.[101] Six days later, MGM extended its deadline to March 31,[102] and by the next day, News Corporation suggested that the company should offer MGM some cash to keep the company running.[103]

A few days later, Time Warner CEO Jeff Bewkes stated that he was interested in MGM, but didn't need to be in any deals, but stated that they would think about it.[104] At the same time, News Corporation announced that they were kicked out of the bidding after CEO Rupert Murdoch stated that he was being outbid by the other bidders, and later considered buying the now-defunct Miramax Films from Disney.[104] Later, other bidders began bidding on Miramax and Liberty Media's Overture Films as well, which their respective owners have put up for bidding.[105][106][107]

MGM stated in February 2010 that the studio would likely be sold in the next 4 months, and that its latest film, Hot Tub Time Machine, may be one of the last four films to bear the MGM name. However, some stated that the company may continue as a label for new James Bond productions, as well as other movie properties culled from the MGM library.[108][109] A few weeks later, MGM set March 19 as a deadline to receive bids from companies interested in acquiring the studio, including Time Warner and Lionsgate, although Time Warner was considered the most likely to buy the studio since its Warner Bros. catalog already included all the pre-1986 MGM titles originally acquired by Ted Turner.[110][111]

On December 2, 2010, the Federal Bankruptcy Court approved MGM's Chapter 11 reorganization plan.[112][113][114][115] On December 17, 2010, the company laid off about 50 staff members.[116][117]

Post-bankruptcyEdit

On December 20, 2010, MGM executives announced that the studio had emerged from bankruptcy.[118][119] Spyglass partners Gary Barber and Roger Birnbaum became co-Chairs and co-CEOs of the studio. After MGM emerged from bankruptcy, on December 23, 2010, MGM named Ann Mather, the ex-Pixar CFO to head MGM's new board of directors.[120] On December 29, 2010, MGM signed a new lease with New York-based group George Comfort & Sons for a 6-story building in the corner of 235–269 N. Beverly Drive that was intended to be the new headquarters for William Morris Agency. MGM will be leaving its old headquarters in Century City.[121]

On January 4, 2011, MGM and Weigel Broadcasting announced plans to distribute Me-TV nationwide.[122][123] On February 2, 2011, MGM named Jonathan Glickman to be the film president of MGM. Six days later, MGM was finalizing a distribution deal with Sony Pictures Entertainment to handle distribution of its 4,000 films and DVDs worldwide and on digital platforms, including the two upcoming Bond films: Skyfall and Bond 24. There were four studios who were bidding on the Bond distribution rights: Paramount Pictures, Warner Bros. Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Columbia Pictures. Paramount was the first studio who dropped out of the Bond bidding. The deal was finalized on April 13, 2011. Post-bankruptcy, MGM also co-financed SPE's The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo. 20th Century Fox's deal with MGM handling its library distribution worldwide was set to expire in September 2011.[124][125] However, the deal was renewed and extended on April 14, 2011 and will expire in 2016.[126][127] A late 2011 financial report revealed that MGM reacquired its 100% stake in United Artists, which previously had a 30% stake by Tom Cruise. MGM might continue to make new films under the UA brand.[128]

MGM is finally moving forward with several upcoming projects, including remakes of RoboCop and Poltergeist,[129][130] and released their first post-bankruptcy film Zookeeper that was co-distributed by Columbia Pictures on July 8, 2011.

The new MGM, under Barber and Birnbaum's control, is focusing on co-investing on films made by another party, which will handle all distribution and marketing for the projects. MGM will handle international television distribution rights for the new films as well as its library of existing titles.[131]

In separate deals, the rights to MGM's completed films Red Dawn and The Cabin in the Woods were handed to FilmDistrict as well as Lionsgate Films, respectively.[132]

On July 31, 2012, MGM announced to acquire Carl Icahn's stake in MGM Holdings for $590 million. Once the sale is complete, MGM will become a public company.[133] On October 3, 2012, Birnbaum announced his intention to exit his role as an MGM executive and return to "hands-on" producing. He will remain with the studio to produce films on "an exclusive basis."[134]


List of MGM FilmsEdit

This is a selected list of feature films originally released and/or distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (include MGM/UA Entertainment Co.)

1920sEdit

1930sEdit

Title Release Date Notes
The Bishop Murder Case January 3, 1930
The Woman Racket January 24, 1930
They Learned About Women January 31, 1930
The Ship from Shanghai January 31, 1930
Not So Dumb February 2, 1930
Anna Christie February 21, 1930
Chasing Rainbows February 23, 1930
Lord Byron of Broadway February 28, 1930
A Lady to Love February 28, 1930
The Girl Said No March 15, 1930
Montana Moon March 20, 1930
Free and Easy March 22, 1930
This Mad World April 12, 1930
The Divorcee April 19, 1930
Children of Pleasure April 26, 1930
Redemption May 2, 1930
Strictly Unconventional May 3, 1930
Caught Short May 10, 1930
The Rogue Song May 10, 1930 MGM's first all-color talkie
In Gay Madrid May 17, 1930
The Lady of Scandal May 24, 1930
The Florodora Girl May 30, 1930
The Big House June 14, 1930
Rookery Nook June 21, 1930
The Sins of the Children June 28, 1930
The Sea Bat July 5, 1930
Estrellados July 7, 1930
The Unholy Three July 12, 1930
Our Blushing Brides July 19, 1930
Way Out West August 2, 1930
Let Us Be Gay August 9, 1930
Call of the Flesh August 16, 1930
Good News August 23, 1930
Romance August 26, 1930
Doughboys August 30, 1930
Love in the Rough September 6, 1930
Madam Satan September 20, 1930
Men of the North September 27, 1930
Olimpia October 10, 1930
Those Three French Girls October 11, 1930
Billy the Kid October 18, 1930
Way for a Sailor November 1, 1930
A Lady's Morals November 8, 1930
El presidio November 14, 1930
Remote Control November 15, 1930
War Nurse November 22, 1930
Min and Bill November 29, 1930
Passion Flower December 6, 1930
Wu Li Chang December 18, 1930
Paid December 30, 1930
Reducing January 3, 1931
Anna Christie January 5, 1931
The Bachelor Father January 10, 1931
Monsieur Le Fox January 16, 1931
New Moon January 17, 1931
De frente, marchen January 23, 1931
The Great Meadow January 24, 1931
Inspiration January 31, 1931
Dance, Fools, Dance February 7, 1931
The Easiest Way February 7, 1931
If the Emperor Only Knew That February 21, 1931
The Prodigal February 21, 1931
Parlor, Bedroom and Bath February 28, 1931
La fruta amarga March 13, 1931
Men Call It Love March 14, 1931
En cada Puerto un amor March 27, 1931
A Tailor Made Man March 28, 1931
La mujer X April 3, 1931
Strangers May Kiss April 4, 1931
Stepping Out April 11, 1931
It’s a Wise Child April 11, 1931
The Secret Six April 18, 1931
Shipmates April 25, 1931
Daybreak May 2, 1931
Gentleman’s Fate May 7, 1931
Never the Twain Shall Meet May 16, 1931
Trader Horn May 23, 1931
Laughing Sinners May 30, 1931
Just a Gigolo June 6, 1931
Five and Ten June 13, 1931
A Free Soul June 20, 1931
El proceso de Mary Dugan June 26, 1931
The Man in Possession July 4, 1931
Su ultima noche July 17, 1931
The Great Lover July 18, 1931
Politics July 25, 1931
Son of India August 1, 1931
Sporting Blood August 8, 1931
Guilty Hands August 22, 1931
This Modern Age August 29, 1931
The Squaw Man September 5, 1931
The Phantom of Paris September 12, 1931
Sidewalks of New York September 26, 1931
Cheri-Bibi October 2, 1931
New Adventures of Get Rich Quick Wallingford October 3, 1931
Susan Lenox (Her Fall and Rise) October 10, 1931
The Sin of Madelon Claudet October 24, 1931
The Guardsman November 7, 1931
The Champ November 9, 1931
Flying High November 14, 1931
Possessed November 21, 1931
West of Broadway November 28, 1931
The Cuban Love Song December 5, 1931
Private Lives December 12, 1931
Mata Hari December 26, 1931
Emma January 2, 1932
Hell Divers January 16, 1932
Lovers Courageous January 23, 1932
The Passionate Plumber February 6, 1932
The Beast of the City February 13, 1932
Freaks February 20, 1932
Polly of the Circus February 27, 1932
Arsene Lupin March 5, 1932
Tarzan the Ape Man March 25, 1932
The Wet Parade March 26, 1932
But the Flesh Is Weak April 9, 1932
When a Fellow Needs a Friend April 30, 1932
Huddle May 14, 1932
Letty Lynton May 14, 1932
As You Desire Me May 28, 1932
New Morals for Old June 4, 1932
Night Court June 4, 1932
Red-Headed Woman June 25, 1932
Unashamed July 2, 1932
The Washington Masquerade July 9, 1932
Skyscraper Souls July 16, 1932
Downstairs August 6, 1932
Speak Easily August 13, 1932
Divorce in the Family August 27, 1932
Blondie of the Follies September 1, 1932
Grand Hotel September 11, 1932
Smilin’ Through September 24, 1932
Kongo October 1, 1932
Faithless October 15, 1932
Red Dust October 22, 1932
The Mask of Fu Manchu November 5, 1932
Payment Deferred November 7, 1932
Prosperity November 18, 1932
Flesh December 8, 1932
Fast Life December 16, 1932
The Son-Daughter December 23, 1932
Rasputin and the Empress December 23, 1932
Strange Interlude December 30, 1932

1940sEdit

Title Release Date Notes
The Earl of Chicago January 5, 1940
The Shop Around the Corner January 12, 1940
Congo Maisie January 19, 1940
I Take This Woman February 2, 1940
Broadway Melody of 1940 February 9, 1940
The Man from Dakota February 16, 1940
Northwest Passage February 23, 1940
Strange Cargo March 1, 1940
The Ghost Comes Home March 8, 1940
Young Tom Edison March 15, 1940
And One Was Beautiful April 5, 1940
Dr. Kildare's Strange Case April 12, 1940
Two Girls on Broadway April 19, 1940
Forty Little Mothers April 26, 1940
20 Mule Team May 3, 1940
Edison, the Man May 10, 1940
Waterloo Bridge May 17, 1940
Florian June 5, 1940
Susan and God June 7, 1940
Phantom Raiders June 7, 1940
The Mortal Storm June 14, 1940
The Captain Is a Lady June 21, 1940
Andy Hardy Meets Debutante July 5, 1940
Sporting Blood July 12, 1940
New Moon July 19, 1940
We Who Are Young July 19, 1940
Pride and Prejudice July 26, 1940
Gold Rush Maisie July 26, 1940
I Love You Again August 9, 1940
The Golden Fleecing August 16, 1940
Boom Town August 30, 1940
Dr. Kildare Goes Home September 6, 1940
Wyoming September 13, 1940
Strike Up the Band September 27, 1940
Sky Murder September 27, 1940
Dulcy October 4, 1940
Third Finger, Left Hand October 11, 1940
Hullabaloo October 25, 1940
Escape November 1, 1940
Bitter Sweet November 8, 1940
Gallant Sons November 15, 1940
Little Nellie Kelly November 22, 1940
Dr. Kildare's Crisis November 29, 1940
Go West December 6, 1940
Comrade X December 13, 1940
The Philadelphia Story December 26, 1940 Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture. remade as High Society in 1956
Flight Command December 27, 1940
Keeping Company December 27, 1940
Maisie Was a Lady January 10, 1941
The Wild Man of Borneo January 24, 1941
Come Live with Me January 31, 1941
Blonde Inspiration February 7, 1941
The Trial of Mary Dugan February 14, 1941
Andy Hardy's Private Secretary February 21, 1941
Free and Easy February 28, 1941
Rage in Heaven March 7, 1941
The Penalty March 14, 1941
The Bad Man March 28, 1941
Barnacle Bill April 7, 1941
Men of Boys Town April 11, 1941
Washington Melodrama April 18, 1941
Ziegfeld Girl April 25, 1941
The People vs. Dr. Kildare May 2, 1941
I'll Wait for You May 16, 1941
A Woman's Face May 23, 1941
Love Crazy May 23, 1941
Billy the Kid May 30, 1941
The Get-Away June 13, 1941
The Big Store June 20, 1941
They Met in Bombay June 27, 1941
Blossoms in the Dust July 25, 1941 Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture.
Ringside Maisie August 1, 1941
Whistling in the Dark August 8, 1941
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde August 12, 1941
Life Begins for Andy Hardy August 15, 1941
Dr. Kildare's Wedding Day August 22, 1941
When Ladies Meet August 29, 1941
Down in San Diego August 1941
Lady Be Good September 1, 1941
Honky Tonk October 1, 1941
Married Bachelor October 16, 1941
The Chocolate Soldier October 31, 1941
The Feminine Touch October 1941
Smilin' Through October 1941
Shadow of the Thin Man November 21, 1941
Two-Faced Woman November 30, 1941
Unholy Partners November 1941
Tarzan's Secret Treasure December 1, 1941
H. M. Pulham, Esq. December 18, 1941
Kathleen December 18, 1941
Babes on Broadway December 31, 1941
Design for Scandal January 5, 1942
Johnny Eager January 17, 1942
Woman of the Year January 19, 1942
Nazi Agent January 21, 1942
The Vanishing Virginian January 23, 1942
Mr. and Mrs. North January 23, 1942
A Yank on the Burma Road January 29, 1942
The Bugle Sounds January 30, 1942
Dr. Kildare's Victory February 4, 1942
Born to Sing February 18, 1942
Joe Smith, American February 1942
This Time for Keeps March 1942
The Courtship of Andy Hardy March 1942
Kid Glove Killer April 17, 1942
Fingers at the Window April 22, 1942
We Were Dancing April 30, 1942
Rio Rita April 1942
Mokey April 1942
Sunday Punch May 8, 1942
Tortilla Flat May 21, 1942
Pacific Rendezvous May 21, 1942
Grand Central Murder May 23, 1942
Tarzan's New York Adventure May 1942
Ship Ahoy May 1942
Mrs. Miniver June 4, 1942 Winner of the Academy Award for Best Picture.
The Affairs of Martha June 21, 1942
Maisie Gets Her Man June 1942
Her Cardboard Lover June 1942
Jackass Mail July 1, 1942
I Married an Angel July 9, 1942
Calling Dr. Gillespie July 9, 1942
Crossroads July 23, 1942
Pierre of the Plains July 29, 1942
The War Against Mrs. Hadley August 7, 1942
Cairo August 17, 1942
Somewhere I'll Find You August 27, 1942
Tish September 17, 1942
The Omaha Trail September 1942
A Yank at Eton September 1942
Apache Trail September 1942
Panama Hattie October 1, 1942
Eyes in the Night October 16, 1942
For Me and My Gal October 21, 1942
Seven Sweethearts November 13, 1942
Talk About Jacqueline November 30, 1942
Dr. Gillespie's New Assistant November 1942
Northwest Rangers December 1, 1942
White Cargo December 12, 1942
Journey for Margaret December 17, 1942
Random Harvest December 17, 1942 Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture.
Reunion in France December 25, 1942
Whistling in Dixie December 31, 1942
Stand by for Action December 31, 1942
Keeper of the Flame December 1942
Tennessee Johnson January 12, 1943
Andy Hardy's Double Life February 11, 1943
The Youngest Profession February 26, 1943
The Human Comedy March 2, 1943 Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture.
Assignment in Brittany March 11, 1943
Harrigan's Kid March 1943
Slightly Dangerous April 1, 1943
Air Raid Wardens April 4, 1943
Cabin in the Sky April 9, 1943
Presenting Lily Mars April 29, 1943
A Stranger in Town April 1943
Dr. Gillespie's Criminal Case May 8, 1943
Three Hearts for Julia May 21, 1943
Bataan June 3, 1943
Hitler's Madman June 10, 1943
Pilot No. 5 June 24, 1943
Report from the Aleutians July 30, 1943
Young Ideas August 2, 1943
The Man from Down Under August 4, 1943
Above Suspicion August 5, 1943
Du Barry Was a Lady August 13, 1943
Salute to the Marines August 30, 1943
Thousands Cheer September 13, 1943
The Adventures of Tartu September 24, 1943
I Dood It September 1943
Swing Shift Maisie October 1, 1943
Lassie Come Home October 7, 1943
Best Foot Forward October 8, 1943
Swing Fever November 1, 1943
The Cross of Lorraine November 12, 1943
Cry 'Havoc' November 23, 1943
Girl Crazy November 26, 1943
Madame Curie December 16, 1943 Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture.
Lost Angel December 23, 1943
A Guy Named Joe December 24, 1943
Whistling in Brooklyn December 1943
Broadway Rhythm January 19, 1944
Song of Russia February 10, 1944
See Here, Private Hargrove March 18, 1944
The Heavenly Body March 23, 1944
Rationing March 24, 1944
Tunisian Victory April 1, 1944
Gaslight May 4, 1944
Andy Hardy's Blonde Trouble May 4, 1944
The White Cliffs of Dover May 11, 1944
3 Men in White May 25, 1944
Meet the People June 1, 1944
Two Girls and a Sailor June 14, 1944
Bathing Beauty June 27, 1944
Dragon Seed July 20, 1944
The Seventh Cross July 24, 1944
The Canterville Ghost July 28, 1944
Kismet August 22, 1944
Marriage Is a Private Affair August 23, 1944
Maria Candelaria September 11, 1944
Barbary Coast Gent September 28, 1944
Maisie Goes to Reno September 28, 1944
An American Romance October 11, 1944
Mrs. Parkington October 12, 1944
Lost in a Harem November 8, 1944
Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo November 15, 1944
Meet Me in St. Louis November 28, 1944
Blonde Fever December 5, 1944
Nothing But Trouble December 6, 1944
National Velvet December 14, 1944
Music for Millions December 18, 1944
This Man's Navy January 4, 1945
Main Street After Dark January 12, 1945
The Thin Man Goes Home January 25, 1945
The Picture of Dorian Gray March 3, 1945
Keep Your Powder Dry March 8, 1945
Without Love March 22, 1945
Between Two Women March 28, 1945
Son of Lassie April 20, 1945
The Valley of Decision May 3, 1945
Gentle Annie May 4, 1945
Thrill of a Romance May 23, 1945
The Clock May 25, 1945
Twice Blessed May 31, 1945
Dangerous Partners June 7, 1945
Bewitched July 4, 1945
Anchors Aweigh July 14, 1945 Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture.
Ziegfeld Follies August 13, 1945
The Hidden Eye August 31, 1945
Our Vines Have Tender Grapes September 6, 1945
Her Highness and the Bellboy September 11, 1945
Week-End at the Waldorf October 4, 1945
Abbott and Costello in Hollywood October 5, 1945
Perfect Strangers November 1, 1945
She Went to the Races November 4, 1945
Yolanda and the Thief November 20, 1945
What Next, Corporal Hargrove? November 21, 1945
The Last Chance November 27, 1945
They Were Expendable December 20, 1945
It Happened at the Inn December 21, 1945
The Sailor Takes a Wife December 28, 1945
Adventure December 28, 1945
The Great Morgan 1946
The Harvey Girls January 18, 1946
A Letter for Evie January 28, 1946
Up Goes Maisie February 1, 1946
The Hoodlum Saint April 4, 1946
The Postman Always Rings Twice May 2, 1946
Bad Bascomb May 22, 1946
Two Smart People June 4, 1946
Two Sisters from Boston June 6, 1946
Little Mister Jim June 10, 1946
Stormy Waters June 15, 1946
The Green Years July 4, 1946
Easy to Wed July 25, 1946
Boys' Ranch July 18, 1946
Piccadilly Incident August 4, 1946
Holiday in Mexico August 15, 1946
Faithful in My Fashion August 22, 1946
Three Wise Fools September 26, 1946
No Leave, No Love October 3, 1946
The Cockeyed Miracle October 24, 1946
Courage of Lassie November 8, 1946
Undercurrent November 28, 1946
Till the Clouds Roll By* December 5, 1946
Gallant Bess December 5, 1946
The Yearling December 18, 1946 Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture.
The Secret Heart December 25, 1946
Love Laughs at Andy Hardy December 25, 1946
The Show-Off December 1946
The Mighty McGurk January 2, 1947
Lady in the Lake January 23, 1947
My Brother Talks to Horses February 4, 1947
The Arnelo Affair February 13, 1947
The Beginning or the End February 19, 1947
Undercover Maisie March 1, 1947
It Happened in Brooklyn April 7, 1947
The Sea of Grass April 25, 1947
High Barbaree May 1947
Living in a Big Way June 10, 1947
Fiesta June 12, 1947
Dark Delusion June 25, 1947
The Romance of Rosy Ridge August 4, 1947
The Hucksters August 27, 1947
Song of the Thin Man August 28, 1947
Cynthia August 29, 1947
The Unfinished Dance September 19, 1947
Song of Love October 9, 1947
Merton of the Movies October 11, 1947
This Time for Keeps October 17, 1947
Desire Me October 31, 1947
Green Dolphin Street November 5, 1947
Cass Timberlane November 6, 1947
High Wall December 17, 1947
Good News December 26, 1947
If Winter Comes December 31, 1947
Killer McCoy December 1947
Alias a Gentleman February 3, 1948
Tenth Avenue Angel February 20, 1948
The Bride Goes Wild March 3, 1948
Three Daring Daughters March 5, 1948
Big City March 25, 1948
The Search March 26, 1948
B.F.'s Daughter April 2, 1948
Summer Holiday April 16, 1948
Homecoming April 29, 1948
State of the Union April 30, 1948 distribution only; produced by Liberty Films
On an Island with You May 3, 1948
The Pirate June 11, 1948
Easter Parade July 8, 1948
A Date with Judy July 29, 1948
A Southern Yankee August 5, 1948
Julia Misbehaves August 8, 1948
Luxury Liner September 9, 1948
The Three Musketeers October 20, 1948
The Secret Land October 22, 1948
No Minor Vices November 12, 1948
The Kissing Bandit November 18, 1948
Hills of Home November 25, 1948
3 Godfathers December 1, 1948
Act of Violence December 21, 1948
Command Decision December 25, 1948
Force of Evil December 25, 1948
Words and Music December 31, 1948
Tale of the Navajos 1949
The Bribe February 3, 1949
Caught February 17, 1949
Little Women March 10, 1949
Big Jack April 12, 1949
Take Me Out to the Ball Game April 13, 1949
The Secret Garden April 30, 1949
The Barkleys of Broadway May 4, 1949
The Sun Comes Up May 12, 1949
The Stratton Story May 12, 1949
Edward, My Son June 2, 1949
Neptune's Daughter June 9, 1949
The Great Sinner June 29, 1949
Any Number Can Play July 15, 1949
Scene of the Crime July 28, 1949
In the Good Old Summertime July 29, 1949
Madame Bovary August 25, 1949
That Midnight Kiss September 22, 1949
The Doctor and the Girl September 29, 1949
The Red Danube October 14, 1949
Border Incident October 28, 1949
Challenge to Lassie October 31, 1949
That Forsyte Woman November 3, 1949
Battleground November 9, 1949 Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture.
Adam's Rib November 18, 1949
Intruder in the Dust November 22, 1949
Tension November 23, 1949
East Side, West Side December 22, 1949
Malaya December 27, 1949
On the Town December 30, 1949

1950sEdit

Title Release Date Notes
Ambush January 13, 1950
Key to the City February 2, 1950
The Outriders March 1, 1950
Nancy Goes to Rio March 10, 1950
Black Hand March 12, 1950
The Yellow Cab Man April 7, 1950
The Reformer and the Redhead May 5, 1950
Stars In My Crown May 11, 1950
Please Believe Me May 12, 1950
Annie Get Your Gun May 17, 1950
Shadow on the Wall May 19, 1950
The Asphalt Jungle May 23, 1950
Side Street May 23, 1950
The Big Hangover May 26, 1950
Father of the Bride June 16, 1950 Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture. plus 1951 sequel
The Skipper Surprised His Wife June 29, 1950
The Next Voice You Hear... June 29, 1950
Crisis July 7, 1950
The Happy Years July 7, 1950
Three Little Words July 12, 1950
Duchess of Idaho July 14, 1950
Mystery Street July 28, 1950
A Lady Without Passport August 3, 1950
The Toast of New Orleans August 24, 1950
Summer Stock August 31, 1950
A Life of Her Own September 1, 1950
Devil's Doorway September 15, 1950
Right Cross October 6, 1950
To Please a Lady October 13, 1950
The Miniver Story October 26, 1950
Dial 1119 November 3, 1950
Two Weeks with Love November 10, 1950
King Solomon's Mines November 24, 1950 Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture.
Kim December 7, 1950
Mrs. O'Malley and Mr. Malone December 8, 1950
Watch the Birdie December 11, 1950
Pagan Love Song December 29, 1950
The Magnificent Yankee January 18, 1951
Grounds for Marriage January 19, 1951
Vengeance Valley* February 4, 1951
Three Guys Named Mike March 1, 1951
Mr. Imperium March 2, 1951
The Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Story March 12, 1951
Inside Straight March 15, 1951
The Red Badge of Courage March 16, 1951
Royal Wedding* March 23, 1951
Soldiers Three March 29, 1951
Cause for Alarm!* March 30, 1951
Teresa April 5, 1951
The Great Caruso April 16, 1951
Father's Little Dividend* April 27, 1951 sequel to Father of the Bride
The Painted Hills* May 4, 1951
Home Town Story May 18, 1951
Go for Broke! May 24, 1951
Night Into Morning June 8, 1951
No Questions Asked June 15, 1951
Kind Lady June 20, 1951
Excuse My Dust June 29, 1951
Strictly Dishonorable July 3, 1951
Rich, Young and Pretty July 9, 1951
The Law and the Lady July 20, 1951
The Tall Target August 17, 1951
The Strip August 1951
The People Against O'Hara September 1, 1951
Show Boat September 24, 1951
Texas Carnival October 5, 1951
Bannerline October 12, 1951
Pandora and the Flying Dutchman October 15, 1951
Angels in the Outfield October 19, 1951 plus Disney remake in 1994
Across the Wide Missouri October 23, 1951
An American in Paris November 11, 1951 Winner of the Academy Award for Best Picture.
Winner of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
Callaway Went Thataway November 15, 1951
The Unknown Man November 16, 1951
It's a Big Country November 20, 1951
Too Young to Kiss November 22, 1951
The Man with a Cloak November 27, 1951
Calling Bulldog Drummond December 14, 1951
Quo Vadis December 25, 1951 Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture.
Westward the Women December 31, 1951
The Light Touch January 16, 1952
Invitation January 29, 1952
Lone Star February 8, 1952
The Belle of New York February 22, 1952
Love Is Better Than Ever February 23, 1952
Just This Once February 27, 1952
The Wild North March 22, 1952
Singin' in the Rain April 11, 1952 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
Talk About a Stranger April 18, 1952
Carbine Williams April 24, 1952
Young Man with Ideas May 2, 1952
When in Rome May 11, 1952
The Girl in White May 23, 1952
Skirts Ahoy! May 28, 1952
Lovely to Look At May 29, 1952
The Sellout May 30, 1952
Glory Alley June 6, 1952
Pat and Mike June 13, 1952
Scaramouche June 27, 1952
Washington Story July 18, 1952
You for Me July 18, 1952
Shadow in the Sky July 18, 1952
Holiday for Sinners July 25, 1952
Ivanhoe July 31, 1952 Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture.
Fearless Fagan August 15, 1952
The Merry Widow September 5, 1952
My Man and I September 5, 1952
The Devil Makes Three September 19, 1952
Because You're Mine September 25, 1952
Apache War Smoke September 25, 1952
Everything I Have Is Yours October 31, 1952
The Prisoner of Zenda November 14, 1952
Desperate Search November 19, 1952
The Hour of 13 November 21, 1952
Plymouth Adventure November 28, 1952
Million Dollar Mermaid December 4, 1952
Sky Full of Moon December 12, 1952
The Bad and the Beautiful December 25, 1952
Above and Beyond January 2, 1953
The Clown January 16, 1953
The Naked Spur February 6, 1953
Rogue's March February 13, 1953
Battle Circus March 6, 1953
Confidentially Connie March 13, 1953
I Love Melvin March 20, 1953
The Story of Three Loves March 26, 1953
The Girl Who Had Everything March 27, 1953
Jeopardy March 30, 1953
Small Town Girl April 10, 1953
Bright Road April 17, 1953
Sombrero April 22, 1953
Code Two April 24, 1953
Never Let Me Go May 1, 1953
Cry of the Hunted May 8, 1953
Remains to Be Seen May 15, 1953
Scandal at Scourie May 17, 1953
Fast Company May 22, 1953
Young Bess May 29, 1953
Julius Caesar June 4, 1953 Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture.
A Slight Case of Larceny June 5, 1953
Dream Wife June 19, 1953
Arena June 24, 1953
Dangerous When Wet July 3, 1953
Lili July 10, 1953
Ride, Vaquero! July 17, 1953
The Band Wagon August 7, 1953
The Affairs of Dobie Gillis August 14, 1953
Big Leaguer August 19, 1953
Latin Lovers August 28, 1953
Half a Hero September 4, 1953
The Actress September 25, 1953
Torch Song October 1, 1953
Mogambo October 9, 1953
Take the High Ground! October 30, 1953
All the Brothers Were Valiant November 13, 1953
Kiss Me Kate November 26, 1953
Give a Girl a Break December 3, 1953
Easy to Love December 25, 1953
Saadia December 1953
Knights of the Round Table January 15, 1954
The Great Diamond Robbery January 29, 1954
The Long, Long Trailer February 18, 1954
Tennessee Champ March 5, 1954
Rose Marie April 1, 1954
Gypsy Colt April 2, 1954
Rhapsody April 16, 1954
Prisoner of War May 4, 1954
Flame and the Flesh May 5, 1954
Executive Suite May 6, 1954
Men of the Fighting Lady May 7, 1954
The Student Prince June 15, 1954
Seven Brides for Seven Brothers July 22, 1954 Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture.
Valley of the Kings July 23, 1954
Her Twelve Men August 11, 1954
Betrayed September 7, 1954
Brigadoon September 8, 1954
Rogue Cop September 17, 1954
Beau Brummell October 6, 1954
Athena November 4, 1954
The Last Time I Saw Paris* November 18, 1954
Seagulls Over Sorrento December 6, 1954
Deep in My Heart December 24, 1954
Green Fire December 29, 1954
Bad Day at Black Rock January 7, 1955
Many Rivers to Cross February 4, 1955
Jupiter's Darling February 18, 1955
Hit the Deck March 4, 1955
The Glass Slipper March 24, 1955
Blackboard Jungle March 25, 1955
Bedevilled April 28, 1955
Interrupted Melody May 5, 1955
The Prodigal May 6, 1955
The Cobweb June 7, 1955
Love Me or Leave Me June 10, 1955
Moonfleet June 24, 1955
Svengali June 24, 1955
The Scarlet Coat July 29, 1955
The King's Thief August 5, 1955
It's Always Fair Weather September 2, 1955
Trial October 7, 1955
Kismet October 8, 1955
Guys and Dolls November 3, 1955 original distributor, produced by Samuel Goldwyn
The Tender Trap November 4, 1955
The Adventures of Quentin Durward November 23, 1955
It's a Dog's Life December 23, 1955
I'll Cry Tomorrow December 25, 1955
Diane January 12, 1956
Ransom! January 24, 1956
Forever, Darling February 9, 1956
Meet Me in Las Vegas March 9, 1956
Forbidden Planet March 15, 1956
Tribute to a Bad Man March 30, 1956
The Swan April 26, 1956
The Last Hunt April 30, 1956
Bhowani Junction May 1, 1956
Gaby May 9, 1956
Invitation to the Dance May 15, 1956
The Catered Affair June 14, 1956
Somebody Up There Likes Me July 5, 1956
The Fastest Gun Alive July 12, 1956
High Society July 17, 1956 Musical remake of The Philadelphia Story
These Wilder Years August 17, 1956
Lust for Life September 17, 1956 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama.
The Power and the Prize September 26, 1956
Tea and Sympathy September 27, 1956
Julie October 17, 1956
The Opposite Sex October 26, 1956 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
The Rack November 2, 1956
Friendly Persuasion November 25, 1956 Nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.
Foreign distribution only[138]
The Great American Pastime November 28, 1956
The Teahouse of the August Moon November 29, 1956 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
The Iron Petticoat January 7, 1957
The Barretts of Wimpole Street January 16, 1957
Slander January 18, 1957
Edge of the City January 29, 1957
The Wings of Eagles February 22, 1957
Hot Summer Night February 1957
Ten Thousand Bedrooms April 3, 1957
Lizzie April 4, 1957
Tarzan and the Lost Safari April 12, 1957
The Living Idol May 2, 1957
The Little Hut May 3, 1957
The Vintage May 8, 1957
Something of Value May 10, 1957
This Could Be the Night May 14, 1957
Designing Woman May 16, 1957
The Happy Road June 20, 1957
The Seventh Sin June 28, 1957
Decision Against Time July 12, 1957
Silk Stockings July 18, 1957 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy. Musical remake of Ninotchka
Gun Glory July 19, 1957
Man on Fire August 22, 1957
Action of the Tiger August 30, 1957
Tip on a Dead Jockey September 6, 1957
House of Numbers September 12, 1957
The Hired Gun September 20, 1957
Les Girls October 3, 1957 Winner of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
Until They Sail October 8, 1957
The Invisible Boy October 1957
Jailhouse Rock November 8, 1957
Don't Go Near the Water November 14, 1957 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
Raintree County December 20, 1957
All at Sea December 21, 1957
Seven Hills of Rome January 30, 1958
Underwater Warrior February 14, 1958
The Brothers Karamazov February 20, 1958
I Accuse! March 5, 1958
Saddle the Wind March 20, 1958
Merry Andrew April 4, 1958
Handle with Care April 18, 1958
Cry Terror! May 2, 1958
The Sheepman May 7, 1958
Gigi May 15, 1958 Winner of the Academy Award for Best Picture. Winner of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical.
The High Cost of Loving May 16, 1958
The Law and Jake Wade June 6, 1958
High School Confidential June 13, 1958
The Haunted Strangler July 3, 1958
Fiend Without a Face July 3, 1958
The Reluctant Debutante August 14, 1958
Tarzan's Fight for Life August 15, 1958
Imitation General August 20, 1958
The Badlanders September 3, 1958
Dunkirk September 10, 1958
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof September 20, 1958 Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture. Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama.
The Safecracker October 1, 1958
Man of the West October 1, 1958
The Decks Ran Red October 10, 1958
Torpedo Run October 24, 1958
Party Girl October 28, 1958
The Tunnel of Love November 21, 1958
The Doctor's Dilemma December 17, 1958
Some Came Running December 18, 1958
Tom Thumb December 22, 1958 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical.
Andy Hardy Comes Home December 22, 1958
Frontier Rangers 1959
The Tale of the White Serpent 1959
The Journey February 19, 1959
First Man Into Space February 27, 1959
Night of the Quarter Moon March 4, 1959
Nowhere to Go March 11, 1959
Green Mansions March 19, 1959
Count Your Blessings April 23, 1959
The Mating Game April 29, 1959
The Mysterians May 15, 1959
The World, the Flesh, and the Devil May 20, 1959
Ask Any Girl May 21, 1959
Watusi July 1, 1959
The Beat Generation July 3, 1959
North by Northwest July 17, 1959
The Angry Hills July 29, 1959
The Scapegoat August 6, 1959
For the First Time August 26, 1959
The Big Operator August 1959
It Started with a Kiss September 4, 1959
Girls Town October 5, 1959
Libel October 23, 1959
The House of the Seven Hawks October 29, 1959
Tarzan, the Ape Man October 1959
The Wreck of the Mary Deare November 6, 1959
Ben-Hur November 18, 1959 Winner of the Academy Award for Best Picture. Winner of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama .remake of 1925 film
Never So Few December 7, 1959
The Gazebo December 18, 1959

1960sEdit

Title Release Date Notes
The Last Voyage February 19, 1960
Home from the Hill March 3, 1960
Please Don't Eat the Daisies March 31, 1960
Platinum High School May 13, 1960
The Giant of Marathon May 25, 1960
The Subterraneans June 23, 1960
Bells Are Ringing June 23, 1960 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical.
Alakazam the Great July 30, 1960
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn August 3, 1960
The Time Machine August 17, 1960
The Day They Robbed the Bank of England September 4, 1960
All the Fine Young Cannibals September 22, 1960
The Angel Wore Red September 28, 1960
Key Witness October 6, 1960
BUtterfield 8 November 4, 1960
The Law November 11, 1960
Village of the Damned December 7, 1960
Where the Boys Are December 28, 1960
Cimarron December 1960
The Murder Men 1961
Don Quixote January 20, 1961
Go Naked in the World March 10, 1961
The Secret Partner March 15, 1961
Gorgo March 29, 1961
The Green Helmet April 20, 1961
Atlantis, the Lost Continent May 3, 1961
Ring of Fire June 14, 1961
Two Loves June 21, 1961
Magic Boy June 22, 1961
The Secret of Monte Cristo June 22, 1961
Morgan, the Pirate July 6, 1961
The Thief of Baghdad August 10, 1961
The Honeymoon Machine August 16, 1961
Ada August 25, 1961
A Thunder of Drums September 26, 1961
Bridge to the Sun October 17, 1961
King of Kings October 30, 1961
Bachelor in Paradise November 1, 1961
The Colossus of Rhodes November 1961
Invasion Quartet December 10, 1961
Le meraviglie di Aladino December 13, 1961
Private Potter 1962
Murder, She Said January 7, 1962
The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse February 7, 1962
The Light in the Piazza February 9, 1962
Sweet Bird of Youth March 21, 1962
The World in My Pocket March 1962
All Fall Down April 11, 1962
The Horizontal Lieutenant April 18, 1962
Lolita June 12, 1962
Ride the High Country June 20, 1962
I tartari June 20, 1962
Boys' Night Out June 21, 1962 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Comedy.
The Counterfeiters of Paris July 17, 1962
A Matter of WHO July 24, 1962
Tarzan Goes to India July 1962
The Wonderful World of the Brothers Grimm August 7, 1962 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical.
Two Weeks in Another Town August 17, 1962
Damon and Pythias September 5, 1962
I Thank a Fool September 14, 1962
A Very Private Affair September 28, 1962
The Savage Guns October 1, 1962
Period of Adjustment October 31, 1962 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Comedy.
Mutiny on the Bounty November 8, 1962 Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture. Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama.
Kill or Cure November 12, 1962
The Dock Brief November 16, 1962
Escape from East Berlin November 1962
The Main Attraction November 1962
Swordsman of Siena December 5, 1962
Billy Rose's Jumbo December 6, 1962 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical.
Arturo's Island December 21, 1962
The Password Is Courage December 21, 1962
A Monkey in Winter January 30, 1963
The Hook February 15, 1963
How the West Was Won February 20, 1963
Follow the Boys February 27, 1963
The Four Days of Naples March 19, 1963
The Courtship of Eddie's Father March 27, 1963
Come Fly with Me March 27, 1963
Seven Seas to Calais March 1963
It Happened at the World's Fair April 3, 1963
Black Fox: The Rise and Fall of Adolf Hitler April 29, 1963
Drums of Africa May 15, 1963
The Slave May 29, 1963
In the Cool of the Day May 29, 1963
Dime with a Halo May 1963
Corridors of Blood June 5, 1963
Lycanthropus June 5, 1963
Captain Sinbad June 19, 1963
Murder at the Gallop June 24, 1963
Tarzan's Three Challenges June 1963
Cattle King July 31, 1963
Flipper August 14, 1963
A Ticklish Affair August 18, 1963 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
Cairo August 21, 1963
The Young and The Brave August 1963
Hootenanny Hoot August
The Haunting September 18, 1963
The V.I.P.s September 19, 1963
Any Number Can Win October 8, 1963
Twilight of Honor October 16, 1963
Family Portrait November 11, 1963
Sunday in New York November 13, 1963
The Wheeler Dealers November 14, 1963
Square of Violence December 8, 1963
The Prize December 25, 1963
The Little Prince and the Eight-Headed Dragon January 1, 1964 co-production with United Artists, Warner Bros., Walt Disney Productions and Columbia Pictures
Le Gentleman d'Epsom 1964
Children of the Damned January 29, 1964
A Global Affair January 30, 1964
The Day and the Hour February 19, 1964
Le glaive et la balance February 28, 1964
Kissin' Cousins March 6, 1964
Mail Order Bride March 11, 1964
7 Faces of Dr. Lao March 18, 1964
Night Must Fall March 18, 1964
Gunfighters of Casa Grande April 1, 1964
Tamahime May 3, 1964
Gladiators 7 May 7, 1964
Viva Las Vegas May 20, 1964
Rhino! May 20, 1964
The Golden Arrow May 1964
Rhino! June 3, 1964
Advance to the Rear June 10, 1964
The Unsinkable Molly Brown June 11, 1964 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
Flipper's New Adventure June 24, 1964
Gold for the Caesars June 1964
Looking for Love August 5, 1964
The Night of the Iguana August 6, 1964 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama.
The Big Parade of Comedy September 3, 1964
Murder Ahoy! September 22, 1964
Of Human Bondage September 23, 1964
Murder Most Foul September 1964
Quick, Before It Melts October 5, 1964
The Outrage October 8, 1964
The Americanization of Emily October 27, 1964
Your Cheatin' Heart November 4, 1964
The Young Lovers November 12, 1964
Joy House November 1964
The Golden Head December 10, 1964
Get Yourself a College Girl December 18, 1964
Wild, Wild Planet 1965
Guns of Diablo January 29, 1965
36 Hours February 19, 1965
The Rounders March 5, 1965
Vice and Virtue March 17, 1965
Young Cassidy March 22, 1965
Operation Crossbow April 1, 1965
Girl Happy April 14, 1965
Hysteria April 1965
Joy in the Morning May 5, 1965
The Yellow Rolls-Royce May 13, 1965
Signpost to Murder May 19, 1965
Sandokan the Great May 1965
Hercules, Samson & Ulysses May 1965
She June 9, 1965
The Sandpiper June 23, 1965
Zebra in the Kitchen June 1965
Clarence, the Cross-Eyed Lion August 4, 1965
Meurtre en 45 tours August 18, 1965
Greed in the Sun August 18, 1965
Once a Thief September 8, 1965
The Hill October 3, 1965
When the Boys Meet the Girls October 10, 1965
The Loved One October 11, 1965
The Cincinnati Kid October 15, 1965
The Secret of My Success November 3, 1965
Laurel and Hardy's Laughing 20's November 17, 1965
Harum Scarum November 24, 1965
A Patch of Blue December 10, 1965 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama.
Doctor Zhivago December 31, 1965 Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture. Winner of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama.
7 Women January 5, 1966
To Trap a Spy January 19, 1966
Where the Spies Are January 26, 1966
The Money Trap February 2, 1966
Made in Paris February 9, 1966
The Spy with My Face March 9, 1966
The Singing Nun April 2, 1966
The Secret Seven April 1966
The Alphabet Murders May 17, 1966
Lady L May 18, 1966
Son of a Gunfighter May 1966
The Glass Bottom Boat June 9, 1966
Maya June 22, 1966
Hold On! June 22, 1966
Around the World Under the Sea June 22, 1966
Tiko and the Shark June 1966
Gulliver's Travels Beyond the Moon June 22, 1966
Mister Buddwing October 11, 1966
Hotel Paradiso October 14, 1966
The Liquidator October 28, 1966
Penelope November 10, 1966
Spinout November 23, 1966
One Spy Too Many December 7, 1966
Marco the Magnificent December 14, 1966
Blowup December 18, 1966 distributor
Grand Prix December 21, 1966
One of Our Spies Is Missing December 1966
The Venetian Affair January 18, 1967
Hot Rods to Hell January 27, 1967
Return of the Gunfighter January 29, 1967
The Spy in the Green Hat February 3, 1967
The 25th Hour February 16, 1967
Double Trouble April 5, 1967
The Karate Killers April 7, 1967
Welcome to Hard Times May 1, 1967
Doctor, You've Got to Be Kidding! May 10, 1967
Three Bites of the Apple May 24, 1967
The Dirty Dozen June 15, 1967
Don't Make Waves June 20, 1967
Point Blank August 30, 1967
The Fastest Guitar Alive September 1, 1967
Our Mother's House October 9, 1967
Far from the Madding Crowd October 18, 1967 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama. co-production with Anglo-Amalgamated
The Comedians October 31, 1967
The Girl and the General October 1967
More than a Miracle November 1, 1967
Jack of Diamonds November 10, 1967
The Fearless Vampire Killers November 13, 1967
Eye of the Devil December 6, 1967
The Last Challenge December 27, 1967
A Madona de Cedo 1968
Too Many Thieves 1968
A Man Called Dagger 1968
Mrs. Brown, You've Got a Lovely Daughter 1968
Hate for Hate 1968
Revenge for Revenge 1968
Jack and the Witch 1968 co-production with United Artists
The Biggest Bundle of Them All January 17, 1968
Sol Madrid February 7, 1968
The Power February 21, 1968
Day of the Evil Gun March 1, 1968
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich March 6, 1968
Stay Away, Joe March 8, 1968
Guns for San Sebastian March 20, 1968
2001: A Space Odyssey April 6, 1968
A Dollar Between the Teeth April 24, 1968
Battle Beneath the Earth May 15, 1968
Speedway June 12, 1968
Where Were You When the Lights Went Out? June 19, 1968
The Helicopter Spies June 21, 1968
Dark of the Sun July 3, 1968
Kiss the Other Sheik July 29, 1968
A Time to Sing August 15, 1968
The Legend of Lylah Clare August 21, 1968
A Man, a Horse, a Gun August 1968
The Young Runaways September 11, 1968
Hot Millions September 19, 1968
The Subject Was Roses October 13, 1968
Live a Little, Love a Little October 23, 1968
Ice Station Zebra October 23, 1968
The Split November 4, 1968
The Shoes of the Fisherman November 14, 1968 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama.
The Impossible Years December 5, 1968
The Fixer December 8, 1968 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama.
The Wolf Men 1969
The Extraordinary Seaman 1969
The Appointment 1969
Ghosts - Italian Style January 22, 1969
Mayerling February 13, 1969
How to Steal the World March 7, 1969
Where Eagles Dare March 12, 1969
Kenner April 23, 1969
The Green Slime May 21, 1969
Heaven with a Gun June 11, 1969
The Maltese Bippy June 18, 1969
The Best House in London July 30, 1969
A Place for Lovers August 22, 1969
The Gypsy Moths August 28, 1969
The Trouble with Girls September 3, 1969
Alfred the Great October 8, 1969
Marlowe October 31, 1969
Goodbye, Mr. Chips November 5, 1969
Flareup November 10, 1969

1970sEdit

Title Release Date Notes
...tick...tick...tick... January 9, 1970
Zabriskie Point February 9, 1970
The Five Man Army February 20, 1970
Puss in Boots March 14, 1970 co-production with United Artists
Brotherly Love April 22, 1970
My Lover My Son May 13, 1970
The Magic Garden of Stanley Sweetheart May 26, 1970
The Walking Stick June 10, 1970
The Strawberry Statement June 15, 1970
Kelly's Heroes June 23, 1970
The Moonshine War July 1970
Flying Phantom Ship August 12, 1970 co-production with United Artists
House of Dark Shadows September 9, 1970
The Traveling Executioner October 1, 1970
Captain Nemo and the Underwater City October 7, 1970
No Blade of Grass October 23, 1970
The Phantom Tollbooth November 7, 1970
Ryan's Daughter November 9, 1970
Elvis: That's the Way It Is November 11, 1970
Dirty Dingus Magee November 18, 1970
The Bushbaby November 1970
Brewster McCloud December 5, 1970
Alex in Wonderland December 22, 1970
Freelance 1971
Pigeons February 1, 1971
The Body February 24, 1971
Percy March 3, 1971
Get Carter March 18, 1971
Mad Dogs & Englishmen March 29, 1971
The Enchanted Years April 22, 1971
Pretty Maids All in a Row April 28, 1971
The Night Digger May 12, 1971
Villain May 26, 1971
Fortune and Men's Eyes June 15, 1971
Wild Rovers June 23, 1971
The Tales of Beatrix Potter June 30, 1971 U.S. theatrical distribution only; produced by EMI Films
Shaft July 2, 1971
The Last Run July 7, 1971
Night of Dark Shadows August 4, 1971
Clay Pigeon August 1971
Catlow October 1, 1971
Going Home December 1, 1971
Chandler December 1, 1971
Believe in Me December 8, 1971
The Boy Friend December 16, 1971 Co-production with EMI Films
Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
The Gang That Couldn't Shoot Straight December 22, 1971
The Jerusalem File February 2, 1972
Cool Breeze March 22, 1972
The Carey Treatment March 29, 1972
Corky March 1972
Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (1971 film) May 12, 1972 co-production with United Artists
Horror on Snape Island May 19, 1972
Skyjacked May 24, 1972
Dōbutsu Takarajima May 31, 1972 co-production with United Artists
Black Belly of the Tarantula June 7, 1972
Every Little Crook and Nanny June 14, 1972
Shaft's Big Score June 18, 1972
Sitting Target June 19, 1972
Two Is a Happy Number June 19, 1972
The Wrath of God July 14, 1972
Kansas City Bomber August 2, 1972
Melinda August 16, 1972
Savage Messiah September 1972
Private Parts September 1972
Night of the Lepus October 4, 1972
Elvis on Tour November 1, 1972
The Great Waltz November 1, 1972
They Only Kill Their Masters November 22, 1972
Travels with My Aunt December 17, 1972 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
Hit Man December 20, 1972
Nightmare Honeymoon 1973
Lolly-Madonna XXX February 21, 1973
Slither March 7, 1973
Ludwig March 8, 1973
Maken Liner 0011 Henshin Seyo! April 11, 1973
Soylent Green May 9, 1973
Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid May 23, 1973
Sweet Jesus, Preacherman May 25, 1973
Wicked, Wicked June 13, 1973
Shaft in Africa June 14, 1973
The Man Who Loved Cat Dancing June 28, 1973
Trader Horn June 1973
Deaf Smith & Johnny Ears July 25, 1973
Deadly China Doll September 26, 1973
The Slams September 26, 1973
The Outfit October 1973
Westworld November 21, 1973
The Super Cops March 20, 1974
Mazinger Z Vs. Devilman April 19, 1974 co-production with United Artists
Kazablan May 8, 1974
That's Entertainment! June 21, 1974
The Devil's Triangle September 1974
Mr. Ricco February 1975
Mazinger Z Vs. The Great General of Darkness March 1975 co-production with United Artists
The Passenger April 9, 1975
The Wind and the Lion May 22, 1975 U.S. distribution only; co-production with Columbia Pictures
The Silent Stranger June 20, 1975
Hearts of the West October 8, 1975
The Sunshine Boys November 6, 1975 Winner of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
Great Mazinger Vs. Getter Robo January 1976 co-production with United Artists
Great Mazinger Vs. Getter Robo G: The Great Clash In The Sky February 1976 co-production with United Artists
UFO Robo Grendizer Vs. Great Mazinger March 1976 co-production with United Artists
Anderusen dowa: Ningyo hime April 1976 co-production with United Artists
That's Entertainment, Part II May 17, 1976
Logan's Run June 23, 1976
Sweet Revenge June 1976
Uchu Enban Daisenso August 1976 co-production with United Artists
Norman, Is That You? September 29, 1976
Network November 27, 1976 Co-production with United Artists
Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture.
Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama.
Demon Seed April 8, 1977
The Goodbye Girl November 30, 1977 Co-production with Warner Bros.
Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture.
Winner of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
Telefon December 16, 1977
Coma January 6, 1978
Space Battleship Yamato February 20, 1978 Co-production with United Artists
Corvette Summer June 2, 1978
International Velvet July 19, 1978
Brass Target December 22, 1978
Jamaican Gold 1979
Voices March 14, 1979
The Champ April 4, 1979 remake of 1931 film
Farewell Space Battleship Yamato May 18, 1979 Co-production with United Artists
The Human Factor December 18, 1979

1980sEdit

(company known as MGM/UA Entertainment Co. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Film Co.)

Title Release Date Notes
Taro the Dragon Boy January 2, 1980 Co-production with United Artists
Hero at Large February 8, 1980
Hide in Plain Sight March 21, 1980
Galaxy Express 999 April 4, 1980 Co-production with United Artists
Fame May 16, 1980 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
How to Beat the High Co$t of Living July 11, 1980
Why Would I Lie? August 8, 1980
He Knows You're Alone September 12, 1980
The Formula December 19, 1980
Sunday Lovers February 27, 1981
Clash of the Titans June 12, 1981
Swan Lake July 23, 1981 Co-production with United Artists
Tarzan, the Ape Man August 7, 1981
Rich and Famous September 23, 1981
...All the Marbles October 16, 1981
Toward the Terra November 28, 1981
Whose Life Is It Anyway? December 2, 1981
Buddy Buddy December 11, 1981
Pennies from Heaven December 11, 1981 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
A Stranger Is Watching January 22, 1982
Cannery Row February 12, 1982
Shoot the Moon February 19, 1982
Diner March 5, 1982 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
Victor/Victoria March 19, 1982 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy. distributor, produced by Ladbrokes Entertainment
Koyaanisqatsi April 28, 1982
Rocky III May 28, 1982 Distribution only
Poltergeist June 4, 1982
The Secret of NIMH July 2, 1982 Distribution only
Dr. Slump and Arale-chan: Hello! Wonder Island July 18, 1982 Co-production with United Artists
Forced Vengeance July 30, 1982
Pink Floyd The Wall August 13, 1982
The Beastmaster August 20, 1982 Distributor
Endangered Species September 10, 1982
Inchon September 17, 1982
Yes, Giorgio September 24, 1982
My Favorite Year October 1, 1982 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
Adieu Galaxy Express 999 September 24, 1982 Co-production with United Artists
The Year of Living Dangerously January 21, 1983
Rock & Rule April 15, 1983
The Hunger April 29, 1983
WarGames June 3, 1983 Distribution only
Octopussy June 10, 1983 Distribution only
Dr. Slump: "Hoyoyo!" Space Adventure August 22, 1983 Co-production with United Artists
Strange Brew August 26, 1983
Brainstorm September 30, 1983
Arcadia of My Youth October 1, 1983
A Christmas Story November 18, 1983
Yentl December 9, 1983 Distribution only
Final Yamato January 12, 1984 Co-production with United Artists
Reckless February 3, 1984
Sahara March 2, 1984
The Ice Pirates March 16, 1984
Misunderstood March 30, 1984
Dr. Slump and Arale-chan: Hoyoyo, Great Across-the-World Race Aril 6, 1984 Co-production with United Artists
Breakin' May 4, 1984 distribution
Red Dawn August 10, 1984 Distribution only
Oxford Blues August 24, 1984
Just the Way You Are November 16, 1984
2010 December 7, 1984
Mrs. Soffel December 26, 1984
That's Dancing! January 18, 1985
Dr. Slump and Arale-chan: Hoyoyo! The Treasure of Nanaba Castle February 24, 1985 Co-production with United Artists
Kinnikuman: Stolen Championship Belt March 6, 1985 Co-production with United Artists
Cat's Eye April 12, 1985
Movers & Shakers May 3, 1985
Gymkata May 3, 1985
A View to a Kill May 24, 1985 Distribution only
Great Riot! Justice Superman June 12, 1985 Distribution only
The Kabocha Wine: Nita no Aijou Monogatari July 24, 1985 Distribution only
Year of the Dragon August 16, 1985
Code Name: Emerald September 27, 1985
Marie October 23, 1985
Kinnikuman: Justice Supermen vs. Ancient Supermen September 27, 1985
Fever Pitch November 22, 1985
Rocky IV November 27, 1985 Distribution only
Dr. Slump and Arale-chan: Hoyoyo! Dream Capital Mechapolis January 16, 1986
Kinnikuman: Counterattack! The Underground Space Choujins February 14, 1986
9½ Weeks February 21, 1986 (US distibution Only)
Dream Lover February 28, 1986
Hour of Triumph! Justice Superman March 12, 1986,
Ginger and Fred March 28, 1986
Wise Guys April 18, 1986
Killer Party May 9, 1986 last film before the Turner split
Poltergeist II: The Other Side May 23, 1986 first film after the Turner split. All films from this time are still owned by MGM
My Little Pony: The Movie June 6, 1986 Co-production with Hasbro, Marvel Productions, Sunbow Productions and De Laurentiis Entertainment Group
Running Scared June 27, 1986
Gu Gu Ganmo: The Movie July 17, 1986 co-production with United Artists
The Transformers: The Movie August 8, 1986 Co-production with Hasbro, Marvel Productions, Sunbow Productions and De Laurentiis Entertainment Group
Shanghai Surprise August 29, 1986
Where the River Runs Black September 19, 1986
Solarbabies November 26, 1986
Crisis in New York! January 23, 1987
Dead of Winter February 6, 1987
Walk Like a Man April 17, 1987
G.I. Joe: The Movie April 20, 1987
Spaceballs June 24, 1987
O.C. and Stiggs July 10, 1987
Hour of Triumph! Justice Superman July 24, 1987
The Living Daylights July 31, 1987 Distribution only
Dragon Ball: Curse of the Blood Rubies August 18, 1987 co-production with United Artists
Fist of the North Star: The Movie September 20, 1987 co-production with United Artists
Fatal Beauty October 30, 1987
My Little Pony: The Movie November 12, 1987 Re-mastered co-production with United Artists
Moonstruck December 16, 1987 Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture. Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
Overboard December 16, 1987
Whoops Apocalypse February 1988 distributor only, produced by ITC Entertainment
Knights of Zodiac: Evil Goddess Eris February 20, 1988
Taffin February 26, 1988
Masquerade March 11, 1988
Willow May 20, 1988 co-production with Lucasfilm and Imagine Entertainment
Poltergeist III June 10, 1988
It Takes Two July 13, 1988
A Fish Called Wanda July 15, 1988 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
Dragon Ball: Sleeping Princess in Devil's Castle August 22, 1988 co-production with United Artists
Some Girls September 9, 1988
Spellbinder September 23, 1988
Memories of Me September 28, 1988
Knights of Zodiac: The Heated Battle of the Gods Ocotber 28, 1988 co-production with United Artists
Last Rites November 18, 1988
Rain Man December 16, 1988 Distribution only
Dragon Ball: Mystical Adventure January 7, 1989 co-production with United Artists
The January Man January 13, 1989
Wicked Stepmother February 3, 1989
The Mighty Quinn February 16, 1989
Mind Games March 3, 1989
Leviathan March 17, 1989
Licence to Kill July 14, 1989 Distribution only
Knights of Zodiac: Legend of Crimson Youth August 22, 1989 co-production with United Artists
A Dry White Season September 20, 1989
Kill Me Again October 27, 1989
After Midnight November 3, 1989
Survival Quest November 10, 1989 Distribution only
City Rhythms December 1, 1989

1990sEdit

(company known as Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures)
Title Release Date Notes
Dragon Ball Z: Dead Zone January 15, 1990 co-production with United Artists
Mortal Passions January 26, 1990
Stanley & Iris February 9, 1990
Blue Steel March 16, 1990
Instant Karma April 27, 1990
Daddy's Dyin': Who's Got the Will? May 4, 1990
Delta Force 2: The Colombian Connection August 24, 1990
Death Warrant September 14, 1990
Desperate Hours October 5, 1990
Quigley Down Under October 19, 1990
Rocky V November 16, 1990 Distribution only
The Russia House December 19, 1990
Not Without My Daughter January 11, 1991
Dragon Ball Z: The World's Strongest February 12, 1991 co-production with United Artists
Thelma & Louise May 24, 1991 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama.
Dragon Ball Z: The Tree of Might February 12, 1991 co-production with United Artists
Fires Within June 28, 1991
Life Stinks July 26, 1991
Delirious August 9, 1991
Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man August 23, 1991
Crooked Hearts September 6, 1991
Company Business September 6, 1991
Liebestraum September 13, 1991
The Indian Runner September 20, 1991
Timebomb September 27, 1991
The Man in the Moon October 4, 1991
Shattered October 11, 1991
Rush December 22, 1991
Once Upon a Crime March 6, 1992
The Cutting Edge March 27, 1992
CrissCross May 8, 1992
The Vagrant May 15, 1992
Dragon Ball Z: Lord Slug June 12, 1992 co-production with United Artists
Dragon Ball Z: Cooler's Revenge July 24, 1992 co-production with United Artists
Diggstown August 14, 1992
Of Mice and Men October 2, 1992
The Lover October 30, 1992
Body of Evidence January 15, 1993
Untamed Heart February 12, 1993
Rich in Love March 5, 1993
Benny & Joon April 16, 1993
Dragon Ball Z: The Return of Cooler May 22, 1993 co-production with United Artists
Dragon Ball Z: Super Android 13! June 28, 1993 co-production with United Artists
The Meteor Man August 6, 1993
Son of the Pink Panther August 27, 1993
Undercover Blues September 10, 1993
The Flight of the Innocent October 22, 1993
Fatal Instinct October 29, 1993
Dangerous Game November 19, 1993
Six Degrees of Separation December 8, 1993
Radio Inside 1994
Dragon Ball Z: Broly – The Legendary Super Saiyan April 6, 1994 co-production with United Artists
That's Entertainment! III May 6, 1994 only post-1986 MGM film to be distributed by Turner Entertainment and Warner Bros. on video and DVD, due to extensive use of pre-1986 MGM clips; additionally, Turner was the film's primary financer
Clean Slate May 6, 1994
Getting Even with Dad June 17, 1994
Blown Away July 1, 1994
Dragon Ball Z: Bojack Unbound April 6, 1994 co-production with United Artists
My Summer Story September 23, 1994
Stargate October 28, 1994 theatrical distributor only; produced by Carolco Pictures
Speechless December 16, 1994
Dragon Ball Z: Broly – Second Coming March 11, 1995 co-production with United Artists
The Pebble and the Penguin April 11, 1995 US Distribution Only; produced by Don Bluth Entertainment
Fluke June 2, 1995
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie June 30, 1995 theatrical distributor only; produced by United Artists
Species July 7, 1995
Dragon Ball Z: Bio-Broly August 13, 1995 co-production with United Artists
Hackers September 13, 1995 Distribution only
Showgirls September 22, 1995 Distribution only
Get Shorty October 20, 1995 Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.
Leaving Las Vegas October 27, 1995 Distribution only
GoldenEye November 13, 1995 Distribution only
Cutthroat Island December 22, 1995 US theatrical distribution only; produced by Carolco Pictures
Bio-Dome January 12, 1996
Unforgettable February 23, 1996
All Dogs Go to Heaven 2 March 29, 1996 co-production with MGM Animation
Mulholland Falls April 26, 1996
Dragon Ball Z: Fusion Reborn May 11, 1996 co-production with United Artists
Moll Flanders June 14, 1996
Fled July 19, 1996
Kingpin July 26, 1996 co-production with Rysher Entertainment
House Arrest August 14, 1996 co-production with Rysher Entertainment
2 Days in the Valley September 27, 1996 co-production with Rysher Entertainment
Dragon Ball Z: Wrath of the Dragon October 11, 1996 co-production with United Artists
Turbulence January 10, 1997 co-production with Rysher Entertainment
Zeus and Roxanne January 24, 1997 co-production with Rysher Entertainment
Hard Eight February 28, 1997
Dragon Ball: The Path to Power March 12, 1997 co-production with United Artists
Turbo: A Power Rangers Movie March 28, 1997 theatrical distributor only; produced by United Artists
Warriors of Virtue May 2, 1997
Fall June 20, 1997
12 Angry Men August 17, 1997
The End of Violence September 12, 1997
Red Corner October 31, 1997
Tomorrow Never Dies December 19, 1997 Distribution only
Deceiver January 30, 1998
The Man in the Iron Mask March 13, 1998 Distribution only
Species II April 10, 1998
Princess Mononoke April 12, 1997 co-production with United Artists
Dirty Work June 12, 1998
Disturbing Behavior July 24, 1998
Ronin September 25, 1998 Distribution only
At First Sight January 15, 1999
The Mod Squad March 26, 1999
The Thomas Crown Affair August 6, 1999
Stigmata September 10, 1999
Kiss the Sky October 9, 1999
Molly October 22, 1999
The World Is Not Enough November 19, 1999
Flawless November 24, 1999

2000s Edit

Title Release Date Notes
Supernova January 14, 2000
3 Strikes March 1, 2000
Return to Me April 7, 2000
Autumn in New York August 11, 2000
Digimon: The Movie October 6, 2000 theatrical distributor only; produced by United Artists
Antitrust January 12, 2001
Hannibal February 9, 2001 USA distributor, co-production with Universal Pictures, Scott Free Productions and Dino De Laurentiis Company - DDLC
Heartbreakers March 23, 2001
Josie and the Pussycats April 11, 2001 international distributor, co-production with Universal Pictures
What's the Worst That Could Happen? June 1, 2001 co-production with Hyde Park Entertainment and Turman/Morrisey Productions
Greenfingers July 13, 2001
Legally Blonde July 13, 2001
Original Sin August 3, 2001
Bandits October 12, 2001 co-production with Hyde Park Entertainment
Rollerball February 8, 2002 co-production with Mosaic Media Group
Hart's War February 15, 2002
Windtalkers June 14, 2002 co-production with Lion Rock
The Crocodile Hunter: Collision Course July 12, 2002 co-production with Animal Planet and Cheyenne Enterprises
Barbershop September 13, 2002 co-production with Cube Vision and State Street Pictures
Bowling for Columbine October 11, 2002 Distribution only
Red Dragon October 14, 2002 select international distribution only, co-production with Universal Pictures and Scott Free Productions
Die Another Day November 22, 2002 co-production with Danjaq
A Guy Thing January 17, 2003 co-production with David Ladd Films
Agent Cody Banks March 14, 2003 co-production with Maverick Films, Dylan Sellers Productions and Splendid Pictures
Bulletproof Monk April 16, 2003 co-production with Lakeshore Entertainment, Lion Rock and Mosaic Media Group
It Runs in the Family April 25, 2003 USA distributor, co-production with Buena Vista International and Furthur Films
Legally Blonde 2: Red, White & Blonde July 2, 2003
Uptown Girls August 15, 2003
Out of Time October 3, 2003
Good Boy! October 10, 2003 co-production with Jim Henson Pictures
Swimming Upstream February 4, 2005
Barbershop 2: Back in Business February 6, 2004 co-production with Cube Vision and State Street Pictures
Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London March 12, 2004 co-production with Maverick Films, Dylan Sellers Productions and Splendid Pictures
Walking Tall April 2, 2004 co-production with Lion Rock
Soul Plane May 28, 2004
De-Lovely July 2, 2004
Sleepover July 9, 2004 co-production with Landscape Entertainment and Woodstock Productions
Wicker Park September 3, 2004
Jiminy Glick in Lalawood May 6, 2005
Bigger Than the Sky February 18, 2005
Be Cool March 4, 2005
Beauty Shop March 30, 2005
The Amityville Horror April 15, 2005 co-production with Dimension Films
The Brothers Grimm August 26, 2005 co-production with Dimension Films
Into the Blue September 30, 2005 co-production with Columbia Pictures and Mandalay Pictures
Yours, Mine and Ours November 23, 2005 co-production with Paramount Pictures, Columbia Pictures, Nickelodeon Movies, and Robert Simonds Productions; remake of the 1968 United Artists film of the same name
Nanny McPhee




[139] || January 27, 2006 || international distribution only, co-production with Working Title Films, Universal Studios, Three Strange Angels, and StudioCanal

The Pink Panther February 10, 2006 co-production with Columbia Pictures and Robert Simonds Productions
Basic Instinct 2 March 31, 2006 co-production with Intermedia Films and C2 Pictures
Lucky Number Slevin April 7, 2006 USA distribution only) (produced by The Weinstein Company
Clerks II July 21, 2006 USA theatrical distribution only, produced by The Weinstein Company
Material Girls August 18, 2006
Flyboys September 22, 2006 distributor
School for Scoundrels September 22, 2006 with Dimension Films; produced by The Weinstein Company
Stormbreaker October 6, 2006 USA distribution only; produced by The Weinstein Company and Isle of Man Film
Copying Beethoven November 10, 2006
Harsh Times November 10, 2006
Casino Royale November 17, 2006 co-production with Columbia Pictures, United Artists and EON Productions
Bobby November 23, 2006
Rocky Balboa December 20, 2006 co-production with Columbia Pictures and Revolution Studios
Arthur and the Invisibles January 12, 2007 USA theatrical distributor only
Blood and Chocolate January 26, 2007 co-production with Lakeshore Entertainment
Breaking and Entering February 9, 2007
Hannibal Rising February 9, 2007
Two Weeks March 2, 2007
Premonition March 16, 2007 co-production with TriStar Pictures, Hyde Park Entertainment and Offspring Entertainment
The Poughkeepsie Tapes April 27, 2007
The Flying Scotsman May 4, 2007
Home of the Brave May 11, 2007
The Ex May 11, 2007 USA distribution only; produced by The Weinstein Company
Mr. Brooks June 1, 2007 co-production with Element Films and Relativity Media
1408 June 22, 2007 USA distribution only; produced by Dimension Films, DiBonaventura Productions and The Weinstein Company
Rescue Dawn July 4, 2007
Who's Your Caddy? July 27, 2007 USA distribution only; produced by Our Stories Films and Dimension Films
Death at a Funeral August 17, 2007
The Nanny Diaries August 24, 2007
Halloween August 31, 2007 USA distribution only; produced by Dimension Films
The Hunting Party September 14, 2007
Feast of Love September 28, 2007
Lars and the Real Girl October 12, 2007 co-production with Sidney Kimmel Entertainment
Music Within October 26, 2007
Lions for Lambs November 9, 2007 co-production with United Artists
The Mist November 21, 2007
Awake November 30, 2007
The Great Debaters December 25, 2007
Charlie Bartlett February 22, 2008
Superhero Movie March 28, 2008 USA distribution only; produced by Dimension Films
Pathology April 18, 2008 co-production with Lakeshore Entertainment
Deal April 25, 2008 co-production with Tag Entertainment
Vicky Cristina Barcelona August 15, 2008 US distribution Only; produced by The Weinstein Company
The Longshots August 22, 2008 US distribution only; produced by Dimension Films
College August 29, 2008
Igor September 19, 2008
How to Lose Friends & Alienate People October 3, 2008
The Other End of the Line October 31, 2008
Soul Men November 7, 2008 distribution only; produced by Dimension Films
Quantum of Solace November 14, 2008 co-produced with Columbia Pictures, United Artists and Eon Productions
Valkyrie December 25, 2008 co-production with United Artists
The Pink Panther 2 February 6, 2009 co-production with Columbia Pictures and Robert Simonds Productions
The Taking of Pelham 123 June 12, 2009 co-production with Columbia Pictures, Relativity Media, Escape Artists and Scott Free Productions
Fame September 25, 2009 co-production with United Artists and Lakeshore Entertainment

2010s Edit

Title Release Date Notes
Hot Tub Time Machine March 26, 2010 co-production with United Artists
Zookeeper July 8, 2011 co-production with Columbia Pictures, Happy Madison Productions, Broken Road and Hey Eddie
The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo December 20, 2011 co-production with Columbia Pictures, Scott Rudin Productions and Yellow Bird Films
21 Jump Street March 16, 2012 co-production with Columbia Pictures, Relativity Media, Original Film and Cannell Studios
Hope Springs August 8, 2012 co-production with Columbia Pictures, Mandate Pictures, Escape Artists and Film 360
Skyfall November 9, 2012 co-production with Columbia Pictures, United Artists and Eon Productions
The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey December 14, 2012 co-production with Warner Bros., New Line Cinema and WingNut Films
Hansel and Gretel: Witch Hunters January 25, 2013 co-production with Paramount Pictures, Gary Sanchez and MTV Films

Upcoming filmsEdit

TBA Edit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. 1.0 1.1 MGM Files Bankruptcy, Rejecting Lions Gate, Icahn Bid, Business Week, November 3, 2010
  2. MGM Officially Files for Bankruptcy, Hollywood News, November 3, 2010
  3. Judge Approves MGM Bankruptcy Plan, Variety, November 4, 2010
  4. Bankruptcy Attorney website MGM emerges from bankruptcy, visited 17 July 2011
  5. "MGM 2010 Restructing", online.wsj.com. Retrieved on Jan 05, 2012. 
  6. MGM 2010 Restructing. globaltimes.cn. Retrieved on Jan 05, 2012.
  7. Gary Barber and Roger Birnbaum assume leadership immediately as Co-Chairmen and Chief Executive Officers of MGM. prnewswire.com. Retrieved on Jan 05, 2012.
  8. Costanzo, Linda Cahir. Literature Into Film: Theory and Practical Approaches. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2006. ISBN 0-7864-2597-0; Naremore, James and Brantlinger, Patrick. Modernity and Mass Culture. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1991. ISBN 0-253-20627-8
  9. 9.0 9.1 Wayne, Jane Ellen. The Golden Girls of MGM: Greta Garbo, Joan Crawford, Lana Turner, Judy Garland, Ava Gardner, Grace Kelly, and Others. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 2003. ISBN 0-7867-1303-8
  10. 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Berliner, Barbara; Corey, Melinda; and Ochoa, George. The Book of Answers: The New York Public Library Telephone Reference Service's Most Unusual and Entertaining Questions. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992. ISBN 0-671-76192-7
  11. Sheed, Wilfrid. The House That George Built: With a Little Help from Irving, Cole, and a Crew of About Fifty. Reprint ed. New York: Random House Publishing Group, 2008. ISBN 0-8129-7018-7
  12. 12.0 12.1 Silvester, Christopher. The Grove Book of Hollywood. Reprint ed. New York: Grove Press, 2002. ISBN 0-8021-3878-0
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  52. WB retained a pair of features from 1949 that they merely distributed, and all short subjects released on or after September 1, 1948, in addition to all cartoons released in August 1948.
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  66. MGM Expands Worldwide Television Distribution Group. Retrieved on October 24, 2006.
  67. MGM To Handle U.S. Syndication Sales For New Line Television. Retrieved on December 16, 2006.
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  69. MGM Links with Weigel Broadcasting for Digital Subchannel Offering, Chicago Tribune, July 28, 2008
  70. Weigel, MGM Hope "This" Thing's a Hit, Broadcasting & Cable, October 27, 2008
  71. Comcast and MGM Announce Partnership to Launch Impact, Comcast.com, August 13, 2008
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  75. At least one other major news outlet claims the debt service is $300 million a year. See: Barnes, "MGM Replaces Chief Executive", The New York Times, August 18, 2009.
  76. 76.0 76.1 76.2 76.3 76.4 Barnes, Brooks. "MGM Replaces Chief Executive." The New York Times. August 18, 2009.
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  81. MGM and Relativity Media had an agreement whereby MGM would distribute Relativity's films. The two companies disagreed over splitting these costs, and ended their agreement acrimoniously in April 2009. See: Lauria, Peter. "Relativity Kills Deal With MGM." New York Post. April 3, 2009.
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  105. Disney – Lionsgate Sets Sights On Miramax – Contactmusic News. Contactmusic.com (2010-02-08). Retrieved on 2011-12-15.
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  107. McNary, Dave. "Lionsgate registers for security funds", Variety, February 17, 2010. 
  108. Eller, Claudia. "As MGM mulls its future, the show goes on", Los Angeles Times, February 26, 2010. Retrieved on February 26, 2010. 
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  112. MGM Wins Approval of Bankruptcy Plan, New York Times, December 2, 2010
  113. MGM Reorganization Plan OK'd, Variety, December 2, 2010
  114. MGM Studio's Bankruptcy Plan Wins Judge's OK, Reuters, December 2, 2010
  115. Judge Approves MGM Bankruptcy Plan, Hollywood Reporter, December 2, 2010
  116. MGM Lays Off Dozens of Staffers Friday, Hollywood Reporter, December 17, 2010
  117. MGM Slashes Staff Ahead of Bankruptcy Exit, Variety, December 17, 2010
  118. MGM Out of Bankruptcy, Entertainment Weekly, December 20, 2010
  119. MGM Restructuring Becomes Official, Variety, December 20, 2010
  120. MGM Sets Ex-Pixar CFO Ann Mather To Head New Board of Directors, deadline.com
  121. Official: MGM Moving Into Office Building Once Intended For William Morris Agency, deadline.com
  122. MGM, Weigel Taking MeTV Nationwide, Broadcasting & Cable, January 4, 2011
  123. MGM Launches Classic TV Service to Roar Like the Fonz, Los Angeles Times, January 4, 2011
  124. Sony About To Recapture James Bond #23; UPDATE: MGM Leverages 007 For Deal On Sony's 'The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo', deadline.com
  125. Sony finalizing distribution and co-financing deal with MGM, including next two "Bond" films, Los Angeles Times, February 8, 2011
  126. TOLDJA! MGM Makes Distribution Deal With Sony Pictures That Includes James Bond, deadline.com
  127. MGM Re-Ups DVD Deal With Fox Through 2016, deadline.com
  128. Fritz, Ben. "MGM regains full control of United Artists", Los Angeles Times, March 23, 2012. 
  129. MGM Looks Ahead with "Mr. Mom", "Idolmaker", Variety, February 17, 2011
  130. MGM Finally Comes Back from the Dead with Five Projects including Remakes of "RoboCop" and "Poltergeist", Collider.com, February 18, 2011
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  132. 'Red Dawn' remake to come out next year from FilmDistrict, Los Angeles Times, September 26, 2011
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